gwd12,几个很绕的选项,费脑筋

The term “episodic memory” was

         introduced by Tulving to refer to what he----

         considered a uniquely human capacity—

Line         the ability to recollect specific past events,

  (5)       to travel back into the past in one’s own

mind—as distinct from the capacity simply

to use information acquired through past

experiences.  Subsequently, Clayton et al.

developed criteria to test for episodic-------

(10)       memory in animals.  According to these

criteria, episodic memories are not of

individual bits of information; they involve

multiple components of a single event

“bound” together.  Clayton sought to------

(15)       examine evidence of scrub jays’ accurate

memory of “what,” “where,” and “when”

information and their binding of this infor-

mation.  In the wild, these birds store food

for retrieval later during periods of food

(20)       scarcity.  Clayton’s experiment required

         jays to remember the type, location, and

         freshness of stored food based on a unique

learning event.  Crickets were stored in one

location and peanuts in another.  Jays

(25)       prefer crickets, but crickets degrade

more quickly.  Clayton’s birds switched------

their preference from crickets to peanuts

once the food had been stored for a certain

length of time, showing that they retain

(30)       information about the what, the where,

and the when.  Such experiments cannot,-----

however, reveal whether the birds were

         reexperiencing the past when retrieving the

information.  Clayton acknowledged this by

using the term “episodic-like” memory.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q4:

The primary purpose of the passage is to

explain how the findings of a particular experiment have been interpreted and offer an alternative interpretation

describe a particular experiment and point out one of its limitations

present similarities between human memory and animal memory，T认为是unique

point out a flaw in the argument that a certain capacity is uniquely human

account for the unexpected behavior of animal subjects in a particular experiment,实验本身不是目的

gwd答案是a,网上流传是d,倾向于d,但谁能告诉我到底从哪里看出把原观点否掉的吗?

Acting on the recommen-

         dation of a British government

         committee investigating the

Line         high incidence in white lead

  (5)       factories of illness among

employees, most of whom

were women, the Home Sec-

retary proposed in 1895 that

Parliament enact legislation

(10)       that would prohibit women from

holding most jobs in white leed

factories.  Although the

Women’s Industrial Defence

Committee (WIDC), formed

(15)       in 1892 in response to earlier

legislative attempts to restrict

women’s labor, did not dis-

count the white lead trade’s

potential health dangers, it

(20)       opposed the proposal, view--

         ing it as yet another instance

         of limiting women’s work

opportunities.  Also opposing

the proposal was the Society

(25)       for Promoting the Employment

of Women (SPEW), which

attempted to challenge it by

investigating the causes of ill-

ness in white lead factories.

(30)       SPEW contended, and WIDC----

concurred, that controllable

conditions in such factories

         were responsible for the devel-

opment of lead poisoning.

(35)     SPEW provided convincing

evidence that lead poisoning

could be avoided if workers---

were careful and clean and

       if already extant workplace

(40)      safety regulations were

stringently enforced.  How-

ever, the Women’s Trade

Union League (WTUL), which----

had ceased in the late 1880’s

(45)       to oppose restrictions on

women’s labor, supported the

eventually enacted proposal,

in part because safety regu------

lations were generally not

(50)       being enforced in white lead

factories, where there were no

unions (and little prospect of

any) to pressure employers to

comply with safety regulations.

The passage is primarily concerned with

                 

presenting various groups’ views of the motives of those proposing certain legislation

contrasting the reasoning of various groups concerning their positions on certain proposed legislation

tracing the process whereby certain proposed legislation was eventually enacted

assessing the success of tactics adopted by various groups with respect to certain proposed legislation

evaluating the arguments of various groups concerning certain proposed legislation

这个更绕了, a.b.e看上去都可以,最后我觉得evaluate中性化一点

请指教啊, nn们

我选A,请继续讨论，整理gwd12答案。

The passage is primarily concerned with

1. presenting various groups’ views of the motives of those proposing certain legislation
2. contrasting the reasoning of various groups concerning their positions on certain proposed legislation
3. tracing the process whereby certain proposed legislation was eventually enacted
4. assessing the success of tactics adopted by various groups with respect to certain proposed legislation
5. evaluating the arguments （感觉不如reason精确，文章中主要在讲reason)of various groups concerning certain proposed legislation

这个更绕了, a.b.e看上去都可以,最后我觉得evaluate中性化一点

难题：我选B, a,b,e非常难分，其他错在划线部分

第二篇开始想选E。最后选B，E，其实没有EVALUATE，只是CONTRASTING.

有道理。

最后一句话就是alternative interpretation

这个题目我本来选的是a,.结果后来看答案是b。现在真得很糊涂，因为觉得a.b都有道理。