Many politicians, business leaders, and scholars discount the role of public policy and
emphasize the role of the labor market when explaining employers' maternity-leave policies,
arguing that prior to the passage of the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) of 1993,
employers were already providing maternity leave in response to the increase
in the number of women workers. 在对待产假政策方面，学者等人强调劳务市场的作用，而低估了公共政策的作用。 Employers did create maternity-leave programs in the 1970's and 1980's,
but not as a purely voluntary response in the absence of any government mandate. 雇主曾制定了产假计划，但并非自觉行为。 In 1972, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) ruled that
employers who allowed leaves for disabling medical conditions must also allow them
for maternity and that failure to do so would constitute sex discrimination
under the Civil Rights Act of 1964. EEOC规定雇主须为孕妇提供相应的医疗条件。 As early as 1973, a survey found that 58 percent of large employers had responded
with new maternity-leave policies. 58％大雇主回应了此政策。 Because the 1972 EEOC ruling was contested in court, the ruling won press
attention that popularized maternity-leave policies. 裁决引起了媒体注意，有利于普及产假政策。 Yet perhaps because the Supreme Court later struck down the ruling, politicians
and scholars have failed to recognize its effects, assuming that employers
adopted maternity-leave policies in response to the growing feminization of the workforce. 然而，可能是由于高等法院后来驳回了此裁决，所以学者等人未能认识到其影响。
28-25: It can be inferred that the author of the passage would be most likely
to agree with which of the following statements about government policy?
A: Government policy is generally unaffected by pressures in the labor market.无此相关内容。
B: The impact of a given government policy is generally weakened by sustained
press attention.与文章内容相反。
C: It is possible for a particular government policy to continue to have an impact after that policy has been eliminated.符合文章内容。建议选此选项。
D: A given government policy can be counterproductive when that policy has already unofficially been implemented.反。
E: The impact of a given government policy is generally weakened when the ruling is contested in court.反。
28-26: missing
28-27: The passage suggests that the relationship between the view of the author with respect to maternity leave policy prior to passage of the FMLA and the view of the politicians, business leaders, and scholars mentioned in lines 1-2 can best be characterized by which of the following statements?
A: They agree that both the 1972 EEOC ruling on maternity-leave policy and the increasing feminization of the workplace had an impact on employers’ creation of maternity-leave programs but disagree about the relative importance of each factor.
B: They agree that the EEOC ruling on maternity-leave policy had an initial impact on employers’ creation of maternity-leave programs but disagree over whether the Supreme Court’s striking down of the EEOC ruling weakened that impact.
C: They agree that creating maternity-leave programs was a necessary response to the needs of the increasing number of women workers but disagree about whether maternity should be classified as a disabling medical condition.
D: They agree that employers created maternity-leave programs prior to passage of the FMLA but disagree about employers’ motivations for doing so.这个好像比较好。
E: They agree that employers created maternity-leave programs prior to passage of the FMLA but disagree about how widespread those programs were.
[此贴子已经被作者于2005-7-14 18:03:16编辑过] | 
发表于 2005-7-14 15:39:00
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