GWD 10-33

实在抱歉,我的PDF格式,怎么也转化不下来,没发COPY到这里...

是关于trval industry`s globalization

33T:the passage suggests one of the effects of the deregulation of the airlines was:

C a sharp increase in the number of cooperative alliances among travel agencies,

E the merging of some companies within the travel industry

right answer is E , why not C?

我的理解是:merging 的意思不就是acquisition (line11) 文中反对的措施吗?

实在弄不明白了,请大家帮下忙,谢谢!@

GWD-10-Q33 to GWD-10-Q35:

(This passage was excerpted from material published in 1993.)

Like many other industries, the

travel industry is under increasing

pressure to expand globally in order

Line to keep pace with its corporate cus-

(5) tomers, who have globalized their

operations in response to market

pressure, competitor actions, and

changing supplier relations. But it is

difficult for service organizations to

(10) globalize. Global expansion through

acquisition is usually expensive, and

expansion through internal growth is

time-consuming and sometimes

impossible in markets that are not

(15) actively growing. Some service industry

companies, in fact, regard these

traditional routes to global expansion

as inappropriate for service industries

because of their special need to pre-

(20) serve local responsiveness through

local presence and expertise. One

travel agency has eschewed(避开) the traditional

route altogether. A survivor

of the changes that swept the travel

(25) industry as a result of the deregulation

of the airlines in 1978—changes that

included dramatic growth in the corporate

demand for travel services,

as well as extensive restructuring and

(30) consolidation（巩固；合并） within the travel industry—

this agency adopted a unique structure

for globalization. Rather than expand

by attempting to develop its own offices

abroad, which would require the devel-

(35) opment of local travel management

expertise sufficient to capture foreign

markets, the company solved its

globalization dilemma effectively by

forging alliances（联合，联盟） with the best foreign

(40) partners it could find. The resulting

cooperative alliance of independent

agencies now comprises 32 partners

spanning 37 countries.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

GWD-10-Q33:

The passage suggests that one of the effects of the deregulation of the airlines was

A. a decline in the services available to noncommercial travelers

B. a decrease in the size of the corporate travel market

C. a sharp increase in the number of cooperative alliances among travel agencies

D. increased competition in a number of different service industries

E. the merging of some companies within the travel industry

谢谢版主

不知道我对你的解释理解是否正确:

文中的effect是"联合"这种方式的采用，而不是采用这种方式的公司数目增加;

另外,不应该把merge/alliance/consilidation划分的太细,文章里表达的应该都是联合战略,而acquisiton是企业间的并购.

小弟發表一下拙見

有關consolidate/merge 有人提到前面的acquisition

個人修正一下  acquisition是很抽象 很廣的字義

將其直接指明為merge有些窄化了 它就是很廣義的取得之意

line 10-11 Global expansion through acquistion is usually expensive

未必是指經由併購  有時是該公司直接到海外設立據點營業 需要取得一些土地(據點) 營運人力  資金調度 可能還有在當地行銷的成本  總合算起來這是 expensive  不如直接跟當地的業者策略同盟  經由簽約的方式進入該地市場  例子就是航空業者的聯營  往往我們買一張荷航機票到歐洲  可是也許中國到曼谷這段轉機航程搭的飛機是國泰航空  這就是業者之間的聯營行為  如此一來  荷航不必在中國各城市廣設據點營業

那一句倒不完全是說直接買下該地的營業公司....

然後看上面line8-9 But it is difficult for service organizations to globalize

這個是說對服務業而言  併購或者是直接進入該地營業(尤其是併購) 都有其難度  不像製造業  因為服務業有特殊的狀況  他們販售的是服務  而不是實質商品 產品不易區別  市場又很難評估及不熟悉 且可取代性高  都使得服務業不喜歡用併購來進入新的市場

比較巧妙的方式是聯營  互相分享資源  再說服務業的資本都較小  也無力去併購外國公司

最明顯的例子是航空業(大吞大  吃不下) 或旅行社

然後第33題   我個人在C/E之間猶豫很久  後來我選E

原因如各帖討論一樣  E lies on line 23-30:

A survivor of the changes... as a result of the 1978航空業的例子...changes that included dramatic growth in the corporate demand for travel services, and(as well as) extensive restructuring and consolidation within the travel industry.   

所以我們可以說within the travel industry有發生一些併購與重組  而且也有 dramatic growth in demand支持這些行為

C lies on 最後一句 the resulting cooperative alliance of independent agencies now comprises 32 partners over 37 countries.

這句的確也是個result/ one of effects  但是他對的不比E明顯  因為我們讀不出 a sharp increase...

C的定位不在最后,在这:changes that included dramatic growth in the corporate demand for travel services.红字就是你想找的地方.

首度發言真害羞 因為不知道怎麼換行勞煩大家眼睛...    請注意文中提到的alliance和cosolidation  還有文中提到travel agency和travel industry的地方，ETS有一個通則，甲位置的用詞不會放在乙位置，所以看好了喔，題目問的是deregulation這回事，連在一起的東西是什麼呢？是consolidation和travel industry啊，那答案就不要去找industry agency和他們所使用的alliance模式，老師說的好，ETS是用研究生的句法，考國中英文，就是這個道理啊～　　　　　　　　　因為ETS還滿嚴謹，不太會把位置搞糊塗，可是對我們這些不熟的讀者來說，看起來幾乎沒什麼差異　　　　　　　　　　　再者，仔細想想，travel agency怎麼會和travel industry相同呢？旅行社怎麼會和旅行工業相同呢？白馬非馬，小不包大，古代的公孫龍比ETS還早告訴我們這個道理，大家千萬不要浪費了　^_^　　　

同意C 不选E

XDF的课上WY给的答案也是C

先说sharp increase ~~~原文中有dramatic growth 对应

再说consilidation ~~~与cooperative alliances同义

因此个人觉得C是原文的同义转述~~~原答案有误

个人意见

希望大家指正