GWD-4-11和麻集爱的题目不一样哦～～请各位nn帮帮我

Q9 to Q12:

      In its 1903 decision in the case

       of Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, the United

       States Supreme Court rejected the

Line       efforts of three Native American tribes

  (5)      to prevent the opening of tribal lands

to non-Indian settlement without tribal

consent.  In his study of the Lone

Wolf case, Blue Clark properly

emphasizes the Court’s assertion

(10)      of a virtually unlimited unilateral power

of Congress (the House of Represen-

tatives and the Senate) over Native

American affairs.  But he fails to note

the decision’s more far-reaching

(15)      impact:  shortly after Lone Wolf, the

federal government totally abandoned

negotiation and execution of formal

written agreements with Indian tribes

as a prerequisite for the implemen-

(20)      tation of federal Indian policy. Many

commentators believe that this change

had already occurred in 1871 when—

following a dispute between the

       House and the Senate over which

(25)      chamber should enjoy primacy in

Indian affairs—Congress abolished

the making of treaties with Native

American tribes.  But in reality the

federal government continued to nego-

(30)      tiate formal tribal agreements past

the turn of the century, treating these

documents not as treaties with sover-

       eign nations requiring ratification by the

Senate but simply as legislation to be

(35)      passed by both houses of Congress.

       The Lone Wolf decision ended this

era of formal negotiation and finally

did away with what had increasingly

become the empty formality of obtain-

ing tribal consent.

Q11:

As an element in the argument presented by the author of the passage, the reference to Blue Clark’s study of the Lone Wolf case serves primarily to

1. point out that this episode in Native American history has received inadequate attention from scholars
   
2. support the contention of the author of the passage that the Lone Wolf decision had a greater long-term impact than did the congressional action of 1871
   
3. challenge the validity of the Supreme Court’s decision confirming the unlimited unilateral power of Congress in Native American affairs
   
4. refute the argument of commentators who regard the congressional action of 1871 as the end of the era of formal negotiation between the federal government and Native American tribes
   
5. introduce a view about the Lone Wolf decision that the author will expand upon
   
6. 我做的GWD4－9－12请nn帮我看一下这题为什么选E，我选了D。BC忽视了L的影响。在L之后就abandon negotiation and execution 。而这是Many commentators 不同意的。所以应该是D，refute~~~~why choose E !!!!

曾经回答过这个问题，但是一时半刻找不到了！BC对于本文的作用就好像引子一样，引出作者要谈论的内容--高院的决定有更深远的影响。BC本身的言论并不重要。

在L之后就abandon negotiation and execution 。而这是Many commentators 不同意的。--只是深远影响细化的一部分，但不是全部，因此不是文章的focus.

恍然大悟。。。谢谢！！！

自己一直在钻牛角尖，没有看到全局！

继续努力中

the decision’s more far-reaching  impact,所以BUT后面的应该是真正要关注的文章观点