GWD-10-Q10 to GWD-10-Q13:

One proposal for preserving

rain forests is to

promote the adoption of

Line new agricultural technolo-

(5) gies, such as improved

plant varieties and use of

chemical herbicides, which

would increase productivity

and slow deforestation by

(10) reducing demand for new

cropland. Studies have

shown that farmers in

developing countries who

have achieved certain levels

(15) of education, wealth, and

security of land tenure are

more likely to adopt such

technologies. But these

studies have focused on

(20) villages with limited land

that are tied to a market

economy rather than on

the relatively isolated, selfsufficient

communities with

(25) ample land characteristic of

rain-forest regions. A recent

study of the Tawahka people

of the Honduran rain forest

found that farmers with some

(30) formal education were more

likely to adopt improved plant

varieties but less likely to

use chemical herbicides

and that those who spoke

(35) Spanish (the language of

the market economy) were

more likely to adopt both

technologies. Nonland

wealth was also associated

17

(40) with more adoption of both

technologies, but availability

of uncultivated land reduced

the incentive to employ the

productivity-enhancing tech-

(45) nologies. Researchers

also measured land-tenure

security: in Tawahka

society, kinship ties are a

more important indicator of

(50) this than are legal property

rights, so researchers

measured it by a household’s

duration of residence

in its village. They found

(55) that longer residence correlated

with more adoption

of improved plant varieties

but less adoption of

chemical herbicides.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

GWD-10-Q10:

The primary purpose of the passage is to

A. evaluate the likelihood that a particular proposal, if implemented, would

ultimately succeed in achieving its intended result

B. question the assumption that certain technological innovations are the most

effective means of realizing a particular environmental objective

C. discuss the progress of efforts to encourage a particular traditional society to

adopt certain modern agricultural methods

D. present the results of new research suggesting that previous findings concerning

one set of conditions may not be generalizable to another set of conditions

E. weigh the relative importance of three factors in determining whether a particular

strategy will be successfu

这题我选A，文章一开始就先提出一个PROPOSAL，接下来就分别展开讲不同地域，背景，环境下的人群会倾向于采取哪一种技术，也就是说明了不同技术被成功采用的可能。我是这样理解的。

请指正！（参考答案是D）

GWD-10-Q13:

The findings of the study mentioned in line 27, if valid for rain-forest regions in general,

suggest that which of the following is an obstacle most likely to be faced by those

wishing to promote rain-forest preservation by implementing the proposal mentioned in

line 1?

A. Lack of legal property rights tends to discourage local farmers from investing the

time and resources required to successfully implement new agricultural

technologies.

B. The ability to evaluate the wider economic ramifications of adopting new

aricultural technologies depends on a relatively high level of formal education.

C. Isolation from the market economy tends to restrict local farmers’ access to new

agricultural technologies that could help them to increase their productivity.

D. Ready availability of uncultivated land tends to decrease local farmers’ incentive

to adopt new agricultural technologies that would reduce their need to clear new

land for cultivation.

E. Traditions of self-sufficiency and reliance on kinship ties tend to diminish local

farmers’ receptivity to new agricultural technologies introduced by people from

outside the local community.

由原文定位，我选C，ADE我认为都不属于这个意群，B IS NOT MENTIONED

请指正！（参考答案是D）

谢谢

One proposal for preserving rain forests is to promote the adoption of new agricultural technologies, such as improved plant varieties and use of chemical herbicides, which would increase productivity and slow deforestation by (10) reducing demand for new cropland. 保护雨林的方法之一就是促进新的农业科技的使用，比如说改良了的物种和化学除草剂的使用，这些措施能提高生产效率，也能通过降低对新的农田的需求来降低森林的采伐。

Studies have shown that farmers in developing countries who have achieved certain levels (15) of education, wealth, and security of land tenure are more likely to adopt such technologies. 研究表明在发展中国家，取得了一定程度的教育，财富和土地产权的农民更有可能采用这些技术。

But these studies have focused on (20) villages with limited land that are tied to a market economy rather than on the relatively isolated, selfsufficient communities with (25) ample land characteristic of rain-forest regions.但是这些研究是集中在土地有限的，和市场经济挂钩的村庄，而不是集中在相对孤立的，自给自足的村落，这些村落具有大量的雨林。 A recent study of the Tawahka people of the Honduran rain forest found that farmers with some (30) formal education were more likely to adopt improved plant varieties but less likely to use chemical herbicides and that those who spoke (35) Spanish (the language of the market economy) were more likely to adopt both technologies. 最近对H雨林的T群落人的研究发现受过一些正式教育的农民更容易采用改良了得物种但是不太适用化学除草剂，同时也发现那些说西班牙语（市场经济语言）的农民更容易同时采用这两种措施。Nonland wealth was also associated 17 (40) with more adoption of both technologies, but availability of uncultivated land reduced the incentive to employ the productivity-enhancing tech- (45) nologies. 土地以外的财富拥有也和更多地同时采用这两种技术相关，但是未开垦的土地的可用性降低了人们采用提高生产力的科技的动机。Researchers also measured land-tenure security: in Tawahka society, kinship ties are a more important indicator of (50) this than are legal property rights, so researchers measured it by a household’s duration of residence in its village. 调查者也衡量了土地产权的安全性：在T社会，血缘关系更多的是这种安全性的重要标志，法定产权却不是这种标志，因此调查者通过衡量一个家庭在这个村庄的时间来衡量这种安全性。They found (55) that longer residence correlated with more adoption of improved plant varieties but less adoption of chemical herbicides. 他们发现较长的居住时间和较多的使用改良物种以及较少的使用化学除草剂有关。

TS是红色highlight部分，洋洋洒洒的T部落人的例子只是来验证这一点而已。因此10题选D。

The findings of the study mentioned in line 27, if valid for rain-forest regions in general,

suggest that which of the following is an obstacle most likely to be faced by those

wishing to promote rain-forest preservation by implementing the proposal mentioned in

line 1? 首先分析一下问题，findings of the study mentioned in line 27，这种文法很容易导致大家只看这几行，但是看过很多题目后发现这种问法本身就是一个陷阱：因为整个关于T群落的人的描述大都和这个study相关，解这道题要求阅读所有和这个study相关的内容。

而line 1: One proposal for preserving rain forests is to promote the adoption of new agricultural technologies, such as improved plant varieties and use of chemical herbicides, which would increase productivity and slow deforestation by (10) reducing demand for new cropland. 先不管line 27的内容，单从逻辑角度而言，就是一个取非的关系：对which would increase productivity and slow deforestation by (10) reducing demand for new cropland. D刚好是对这一点取非，即有大量的未开垦的土地，不需要reducing demand for new cropland。

清楚!

谢谢而今

D. Ready availability of uncultivated land tends to decrease local farmers’ incentive

to adopt new agricultural technologies that would reduce their need to clear new

land for cultivation.

我一开始也是被that would reduce their need to clear new

可以定位在41-45行

谢谢,而今MM,第10题解释的真好

society, kinship ties are a
        
    

more important indicator of
        
    

(50) this than are
                    legal property
        
    

rights,
            so researchers
        
    

measured it by a household’s
        
    

duration of residence
        
    

in its village

10题 的A答案 为何错误?

A指的是评估一个建议成功的可能性，如果是评估的一篇文章，应该是建议提出之后，然后假设在A情况下，是否成功，在B情况下，可能会不成功等等。。。，会存在很多假设和结果对比

而这篇文章提的是一个建议中有两种办法，在一个类型的社会中两种办法会都被采纳，而其他类型的社会中有的会采纳第一个，有的采纳第二个。也就是说通篇都是暗含这个建议会成功，只是大家接纳不同的方法而已。因此不是一个评估成功可能性的文章，而是显示不同情况下，做法不同的文章。

感觉这个主旨题和常见的主旨题风格很不一样，迷惑性也很大。我开始也选的是A，但仔细考虑后觉得还是D更准确一些。