gwd 8 的两道姊妹厚脸题./GWD-8-14,GWD-8-21

Q21:

Although the earliest surviving Greek inscriptions written in an alphabet date from the

eighth century B.C., a strong case can be made that the Greeks actually adopted

alphabetic writing at least two centuries earlier. Significantly, the text of these earliest

surviving Greek inscriptions sometimes runs from right to left and sometimes from

left to right. Now, the Greeks learned alphabetic writing from the Phoenicians, and in

the process they would surely have adopted whatever convention the Phoenicians

were then using with respect to the direction of writing. Originally, Phoenicians

writing ran in either direction, but by the eighth century B.C. it had been consistently

written from right to left for about two centuries.

In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

A. The first provides evidence in support of the position that the argument seeks to

establish; the second is that position.

B. The first provides evidence in support of the position that the argument seeks to

establish; the second presents an assumption on which that argument relies.

C. The first is an assumption that the argument concludes is unjustified; the second

presents part of the grounds for that conclusion.

D. The first is evidence that forms the basis for an objection to the position that the

argument seeks to establish; the second is that position.

E. The first is evidence that forms the basis for an objection to the position that the

argument seeks to establish; the second is a judgment that is introduced in order to

call into question the relevance of that evidence.

Answer:

Note: Compare the question above with Q18 in 10/04/02 edition shown below.

QX:

14

Although the earliest surviving Greek inscriptions written in an alphabet date from the

eighth century B.C., a strong case can be made that the Greeks actually adopted

alphabetic writing at least two centuries earlier. Significantly, the text of these earliest

surviving Greek inscriptions sometimes runs from right to left and sometimes from left to

right. Now, the Greeks learned alphabetic writing from the Phoenicians, and in the

process they would surely have adopted whatever convention the Phoenicians were

then using with respect to the direction of writing. Originally, Phoenician writing ran

in either direction, but by the eighth century B.C. it had been consistently written from

right to left for about two centuries.

In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

A. The first is the position that the argument seeks to establish; the second reports a

discovery that has been used to support a position that the argument opposes.

B. The first is the position that the argument seeks to establish; the second presents

an assumption on which the argument relies.

C. The first presents evidence that is used in support of the position that the

argument seeks to establish; the second presents an assumption on which the

argument relies.

D. The first is an objection raised against a position that the argument opposes; the

second is the position that the argument seeks to establish.

E. The first is an objection raised against a position that the argument opposes; the

second is evidence that has been used to support that position.

Answer:

这两道题没有人问过,我想大家都选对了吧. B and B.

这里我想问的是 如果我们把 两道题的第二个粗体化线部分理解成为一个用来支持结论的事实,fact .. 是否可以? ?？

哪位大侠能帮我翻译一下 第二个BF的意思吗? 先谢谢了!

他们（希腊人）在那个过程中很可能的确已经采用了腓尼基人在写字方向方面的传统。

呵呵，见笑

fact的定义最严格，必须是真实发生了的事实，而第二个黑体显然是个假设，would说明了其为推测。具体的term定义和解释，参见下面两个链接：

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=24&ID=14871&replyID=&skin=0

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=24&ID=34229&replyID=&skin=0

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=24&ID=116851&page=1

问这题的好像还不少...我在这贴里面解释了一下题目...加油！~

my understanding：

1. Although the earliest surviving Greek inscriptions written in an alphabet date from the eighth century B.C., a strong case can be made that the Greeks actually adopted alphabetic writing at least two centuries earlier.

(尽管现存最早的希腊字母文字的碑文是公元前8世纪，但是有强有力的证据显示：希腊人使用字母文字至少应比公元前8世纪更早两百年）

这段是文章的结论。

2。 Significantly, the text of these earliest surviving Greek inscriptions sometimes runs from right to left and sometimes from left to right.

（值得注意地，这些现存的最早的希腊碑文的书写有的是从左至右，有的是从右至左。）

这段是支持结论的论据。可以理解为：因为这批希腊碑文的书写有的是从左至右，有的是从右至左，所以希腊人使用字母文字至少应比公元前8世纪更早两百年

3。 Now, the Greeks learned alphabetic writing from the Phoenicians, and in
the process they would surely have adopted whatever convention the Phoenicians were then using with respect to the direction of writing.

（希腊人是从腓尼基人那里学习字母书写的， 他们显然会沿用任何腓尼基人的书写顺序）

这段是假设。 作者假定希腊人会沿用任何腓尼基人的书写顺序

4。 Originally, Phoenicians writing ran in either direction, but by the eighth century B.C. it had been consistently written from right to left for about two centuries.
（最早的时候，腓尼基人的书写是两个方向都可以的，但是到公元前8世纪，他们的书写顺序

已经很一致的是从右至左，而且已经存在大约两百年了。）

这段是另一个论据。腓尼基人的书写顺序在公元前8世纪，他们的书写顺序已经很一致的是从右至左。

整个意思是说：

希腊人会沿用任何腓尼基人的书写顺序。腓尼基人的书写顺序在早于公元前8世纪两百年时，他们的书写顺序从两个方向都行变为从右至左。那么希腊人的书写顺序也应该是一样的：在早于公元前8世纪两百年时，他们的书写顺序从两个方向都行变为从右至左。

现在最早的希腊的碑文是公元前8世纪的，但是因为碑文的书写是两个方向都行，所以这批希腊的碑文应该比公元前8世纪更早两百年。

分析得很细致,认真的说.