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Mindfree, I really appreciate you for your help!!!
T15:
6. Advertisement: For sinus pain, three out of four hospitals give their patients Novex. So when you want the most effective painkiller for sinus pain, Novex is the one to choose.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the advertisement’s argument?
(A) Some competing brands of painkillers are intended to reduce other kinds of pain in addition to sinus pain.
(B) Many hospitals that do not usually use Novex will do so for those patients who cannot tolerate the drug the hospitals usually use.
(C) Many drug manufacturers increase sales of their products to hospitals by selling these products to the hospitals at the lowest price the manufacturers can afford.
(D) Unlike some competing brands of painkillers, Novex is available from pharmacies without a doctor’s prescription.（D）
(E) In clinical trials Novex has been found more effective than competing brands of painkillers that have been on the market longer than Novex.
The answer is D , but why C is not right?
C is typical worng answer because for it to be true, you have to have make some assumptions that are beyond what is given in the argument. C did not say whether Noves is cheaper. That is your own assumption that it is cheaper and hospitals prescribe the drug because of the lower cost. In another word, there is no way you can relate C specifically to Novex. D simply provides an exmplanation other thn effectiveness of the drug.
Questions 11-12 are based on the following.
Environmentalist: The commissioner of the Fish and Game Authority would have the public believe that increases in the number of marine fish caught demonstrate that this resource is no longer endangered. This is a specious argument, as unsound as it would be to assert that the ever-increasing rate at which rain forests are being cut down demonstrates a lack of danger to that resource. The real cause of the increased fish-catch is a greater efficiency in using technologies that deplete resources.
12. The environmentalist’s statements, if true, best support which of the following as a conclusion?
(A) The use of technology is the reason for the increasing encroachment of people on nature.
(B) It is possible to determine how many fish are in the sea in some way other than by catching fish.
(C) The proportion of marine fish that are caught is as high as the proportion of rain-forest trees that are cut down each year.
(D) Modern technologies waste resources by catching inedible fish.（E）
(E) Marine fish continue to be an endangered resource.
The answer is E, but why C is wrong?
You have to understand the argument first. The environmentalist is using the rain forest as an example to demonstrate the absurdity of the argument he tries to refute. The fish and the rain forest does not have any direct relationship. Another way is to test C. If C is wrong, will the premises in the argument be wrong too? You can try it yourself. If E is wrong, the premises are wrong becasue the environmentalist says that the conclusion that the fish is no longer engadered is unsound.
T16
2. The reason much refrigerated food spoils is that it ends up out of sight at the back of the shelf. So why not have round shelves that rotate? Because such rotating shelves would have just the same sort of drawback, since things would fall off the shelves’ edges into the rear corners.
Which of the following is presupposed in the argument against introducing rotating shelves?
(A) Refrigerators would not be made so that their interior space is cylindrical.
(B) Refrigerators would not be made to have a window in front for easy viewing of their contents without opening the door.
(C) The problem of spoilage of refrigerated food is not amenable to any solution based on design changes.
(D) Refrigerators are so well designed that there are bound to be drawbacks to any design change.（A）
(E) Rotating shelves would be designed to rotate only while the refrigerator door was open.
The answer is : A, why?
The assumption of the argument is that the fridge is still boxy and the items pushed over the edge of the round shelf will fall. So if the fridge is round itself, the round shelf will be able to hold everything.
T17
14. Technological improvements and reduced equipment costs have made converting solar energy directly into electricity far more cost-efficient in the last decade. However, the threshold of economic viability for solar power (that is, the price per barrel to which oil would have to rise in order for new solar power plants to be more economical than new oil-fired power plants) is unchanged at thirty-five dollars.
Which of the following, if true, does most to help explain why the increased cost-efficiency of solar power has not decreased its threshold of economic viability?
(A) The cost of oil has fallen dramatically.
(B) The reduction in the cost of solar-power equipment has occurred despite increased raw material costs for that equipment.
(C) Technological changes have increased the efficiency of oil-fired power plants.
(D) Most electricity is generated by coal-fired or nuclear, rather than oil-fired, power plants.（C）
(E) When the price of oil increases, reserves of oil not previously worth exploiting become economically viable.
The answer is C, why?
Explained already in post above.
T18
8. Consumers in California seeking personal loans have fewer banks to turn to than do consumers elsewhere in the United States. This shortage of competition among banks explains why interest rates on personal loans in California are higher than in any other region of the United States.
Which of the following, if true, most substantially weakens the conclusion above?
(A) Because of the comparatively high wages they must pay to attract qualified workers, California banks charge depositors more than banks elsewhere do for many of the services they offer.
(B) Personal loans are riskier than other types of loans, such as home mortgage loans, that banks make.
(C) Since bank deposits in California are covered by the same type of insurance that guarantees bank deposits in other parts of the United States, they are no less secure than deposits elsewhere.
(D) The proportion of consumers who default on their personal loans is lower in California than in any other region of the United States.（A）
(E) Interest rates paid by California banks to depositors are lower than those paid by banks in other parts of the United States because in California there is less competition to attract depositors.
The answer is A, why?
Because it offers another reason to explain the high interest rate: expensive labor. Other choices can be eliminated.
15. Left-handed persons suffer more frequently than do right-handed persons from certain immune disorders, such as allergies. Left-handers tend to have an advantage over the right-handed majority, however, on tasks controlled by the right hemisphere of the brain, and mathematical reasoning is strongly under the influence of the right hemisphere in most people.
If the information above is true, it best supports which of the following hypotheses?
(A) Most people who suffer from allergies or other such immune disorders are left-handed rather than right-handed.
(B) Most left-handed mathematicians suffer from some kind of allergy.
(C) There are proportionally more left-handers among people whose ability to reason mathematically is above average than there are among people with poor mathematical reasoning ability.
(D) If a left-handed person suffers from an allergy, that person will probably be good at mathematics.（C）
(E) There are proportionally more people who suffer from immune disorders such as allergies than there are people who are left-handed or people whose mathematical reasoning ability is unusually good.
The answer is C, why is D wrong?
I do not see the direct relation between allegy and math skills. Probably means normally over 80%. For example, 2 out of 100,000 lefties suffer from allergy while 1 out of 100,000 righties has the same allegy. It is more frequent as said in the question. You definitely cannot get probably from the above exmaple.
T19
6. Damaged nerves in the spinal cord do not regenerate themselves naturally, nor even under the spur of nerve-growth stimulants. The reason, recently discovered, is the presence of nerve-growth inhibitors in the spinal cord. Antibodies that deactivate those inhibitors have now been developed. Clearly, then, nerve repair will be a standard medical procedure in the foreseeable future.
Which of the following, if true, casts the most serious doubt on the accuracy of the prediction above?
(A) Prevention of the regeneration of damaged nerves is merely a by-product of the main function in the human body of the substances inhibiting nerve growth.
(B) Certain nerve-growth stimulants have similar chemical structures to those of the antibodies against nerve-growth inhibitors.
(C) Nerves in the brain are similar to nerves in the spinal cord in their inability to regenerate themselves naturally.
(D) Researchers have been able to stimulate the growth of nerves not located in the spinal cord by using only nerve-growth stimulants.（A）
(E) Deactivating the substances inhibiting nerve growth for an extended period would require a steady supply of antibodies.
The answer is A, how about B
B is beyond the scope to me. I do not know what similar chemical structure leads to. Does it mean that they are the same? I need to make additional assumption to make B correct. And it is not allowed to bring additional consition into the reasoning, unless the additional condition is common sense. I do not think that is common sense.
15. Over the last century, paleontologists have used small differences between fossil specimens to classify triceratops into sixteen species. This classification is unjustified, however, since the specimens used to distinguish eleven of the species come from animals that lived in the same area at the same time.
Which of the following, if true, would enable the conclusion of the argument to be properly drawn?
(A) Not every species that lived in a given area is preserved as a fossil.
(B) At least one individual of every true species of triceratops has been discovered as a fossil specimen.
(C) No geographical area ever supports more than three similar species at the same time.
(D) In many species, individuals display quite marked variation.（C）
(E) Differences between fossil specimens of triceratops that came from the same area are no less distinctive than differences between specimens that came from different areas.
The answer is C, why is it not E?
The conclusion is to refute that argument that there are 16 species. E does not support the conclusion, but the argument the conclusion is disputing.
T20
12. An advertisement designed to convince readers of the great durability of automobiles manufactured by the Deluxe Motor Car Company cites as evidence the fact that over half of all automobiles built by the company since 1970 are still on the road today, compared to no more than a third for any other manufacturer.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the advertisement’s argument?
(A) After taking inflation into account, a new Deluxe automobile costs only slightly more than a new model did in 1970.
(B) The number of automobiles built by Deluxe each year has not increased sharply since 1970.
(C) Owners of Deluxe automobiles typically keep their cars well maintained.
(D) Since 1970, Deluxe has made fewer changes in the automobiles it manufactures than other car companies have made in their automobiles.（B）
(E) Deluxe automobiles have been selling at relatively stable prices in recent years.
The answer is B, why?
It is a number question. Durability means the car can drive long time. 1970 is used to show that there is a long time between now and then. However, if there was 1000 cars of that model manufactured from 1970's to 1990's, and over 10 million cars manufactured in 2000's, half of the cars still on the road does not demonstrate durability.
15. In the United States, vacationers account for more than half of all visitors to what are technically called “pure aquariums” but for fewer than one quarter of all visitors to zoos, which usually include a “zoo aquarium” of relatively modest scope.
Which of the following, if true, most helps to account for the difference described above between visitors to zoos and visitors to pure aquariums?
(A) In cities that have both a zoo and a pure aquarium, local residents are twice as likely to visit the aquarium as they are to visit the zoo.
(B) Virtually all large metropolitan areas have zoos, whereas only a few large metropolitan areas have pure aquariums.
(C) Over the last ten years, newly constructed pure aquariums have outnumbered newly established zoos by a factor of two to one.
(D) People who visit a zoo in a given year are two times more likely to visit a pure aquarium that year than are people who do not visit a zoo.（B）
(E) The zoo aquariums of zoos that are in the same city as a pure aquarium tend to be smaller than the aquariums of zoos that have no pure aquarium nearby.
The answer is B, why?
Let me try to explain. Please comment if anyone has new idea.
When all big cities have zoo aquariums, people from big cities do not have to go to other big cities for the zoo aquarium. They can simply visit their local zoo. Therefore, vacationers visiting zoos normally do not include people from big cities. For the pure aquarium, people from all other areas might visit it because they do not have local pure aquariums. Therefore, more vacationers as a percentage of total visitors visit pure aquariums. Does it make sense?
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发表于 2004-5-16 08:46:00
发表于 2004-5-16 09:08:00
