重贴 97 题,字大一点好读。
97. A scientific theory is a good theory if it satisfies two requirements: it must accurately describe a large class of observations in terms of a model that is simple enough to contain only a few elements, and it must make definite predictions about the results of future observations. For example, Aristotle’s cosmological theory, which claimed that everything was made out of four elements---earth, air, fire, and water---satisfied the first requirement, but it did not make any definite predictions. Thus, Aristotle’s cosmological theory was not a good theory. If all the statements in the passage are true, each of the following must also be true EXCEPT: (A) Prediction about the results of future observations must be made by any good scientific theory (B) Observation of physical phenomena was not a major concern in Aristotle’s cosmological theory. (C) For elements can be the basis of a scientific model that is simple enough to meet the simplicity criterion of a good theory. (D) A scientific model that contains many elements is not a good theory. (E) Aristotle’s cosmological theory described a large class of observations in terms of only four elements.
B 太明显了,就是答案。 现在讨论 A. A 也像答案。
Let me juxtapose the premises and choice A:
原文:A scientific theory is a good theory if it must make definite predictions about the results of future observations.
选项(A) Prediction about the results of future observations must be made by any good scientific theory
为了比较方便,将上述两句简化:
原文:A scientific theory is a good theory IF it must make definite predictions 可以理解为
选项(A) Prediction must be made by any good scientific theory
我看见的区别在于, prediction(总集合) 包括了 definite prediction (子集), 所以选项 A 偷换概念,而且延拓太多。Prediction MUST be made ... 既然广义化了,那就不需要 MUST 来强调非要 good scientific theory 来预测,随便在大街上抓个人作个prediction, 也是 prediction 呀。
并且,原文末句专门指出 "but it did not make any definite predictions".
所以, A 是由原文所推不出的。这道题出的不严密。
大家再看看?
[此贴子已经被作者于2004-11-12 2:53:08编辑过] |