GWD17-11

Q11:

Some species of Arctic birds are threatened by recent sharp increases in the population of snow geese, which breed in the Arctic and are displacing birds of less vigorous species.  Although snow geese are a popular quarry for hunters in the southern regions where they winter, the hunting season ends if and when hunting has reduced the population by five percent, according to official estimates.  Clearly, dropping this restriction would allow the other species to recover.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument?

Scientists studying the physiology

         of dinosaurs have long debated whether

         dinosaurs were warm- or cold-blooded.

Line  Those who suspect they were warm-

  (5)  blooded point out that dinosaur bone

is generally fibro-lamellar in nature;

because fibro-lamellar bone is formed

quickly, the bone fibrils, or filaments, are

laid down haphazardly.  Consistent with

(10)  their rapid growth rate, warm-blooded

animals, such as birds and mammals,

tend to produce fibro-lamellar bone,

whereas reptiles, which are slow-

growing and cold-blooded, generally

(15)  produce bone in which fibrils are laid

down parallel to each other.  Moreover,

like the bone of birds and mammals,

dinosaur bone tends to be highly

vascularized, or filled with blood

(20)  vessels.  These characteristics,

         first recognized in the 1930’s,

         were documented in the 1960’s by

de Ricqlès, who found highly vascular-

ized, fibro-lamellar bone in several

(25)  groups of dinosaurs.  In the 1970’s,

Bakker cited these characteristics as

evidence for the warm-bloodedness of

dinosaurs.  .Although de Ricqlès urged

      In the 1980’s, however, Bakker’s

         contention began to be questioned, as a

(35)  number of scientists found growth rings

in the bones of various dinosaurs that

are much like those in modern reptiles.

Bone growth in reptiles is periodic in

nature, producing a series of concentric

(40)  rings in the bone, not unlike the growth

        rings of a tree.  Recently, Chinsamy

investigated the bones of two dino-

saurs from the early Jurassic period

(208-187 million years ago), and found

(45)  that these bones also had growth rings;

however, they were also partially fibro-

lamellar in nature.  Chinsamy’s work

raises a question central to the debate

over dinosaur physiology:  did dino-

(50)  saurs form fibro-lamellar bone because

of an innately high metabolic rate asso-

ciated with warm-bloodedness or

because of periods of unusually fast

growth that occurred under favorable

(55)  environmental conditions? (Although

modern reptiles generally do not form

fibro-lamellar bone, juvenile crocodiles

raised under optimal environmental

conditions do.)  This question remains

(60)  unanswered; indeed, taking all the evi-

dence into account, one cannot make

a definitive statement about dinosaur

physiology on the basis of dinosaur

bone.  It may be that dinosaurs had an

(65)  intermediate pattern of bone structure

because their physiology was neither

typically reptilian, mammalian, nor avian.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q33:

The author of the passage would be most likely to agree that the “caution” (line 29) urged by de Ricqlès regarding claims about dinosaur physiology was

1. unjustified by the evidence available to de Ricqlès


2. unnecessary, given the work done by Bakker and his followers


3. indicative of the prevailing scientific opinion at the time


4. warranted, given certain subsequent findings of other scientists


5. influential in the recent work of Chinsamy

De Ricqules, 的观点到底是什么？ 我不太理解这个结构， 文章中 Although de Ricqlès urged

Although,....de R urged caution, arguing for an intermediate type... A generation of.....由于although 的存在，说明de R对这个广为接受的观点有反对意见，所以caution 这里应该是A 答案吧

请战友解释，可能我走到死胡同里了------------------

up!

对啊~~~我也这么觉得~~~~~真是费解啊~~~~~~~~

我猜想如果把 自从restriction开始实行以来~~人们都提早结束狩猎期~~理解成人们捕获不到5%的geese就停止狩猎~~也就是说snow geese已经不在是a popular quarry for hunters ~~~那么解除restriction也不会使人们增加狩猎~~~~如果这样理解的话~~~就可以削弱原文了~~~~

可是~~我还是觉得B选项这样理解有些牵强~~~~~唉~~~望nn指点迷津啊~~~

就要考试了~~~逻辑还混混滴~~~

B說 連續很多年 restriction都讓打獵提早結束 表示這些年裡 獵人對geese的需求不只5% (讓我們假設如果沒有restriction  獵人可能會獵到10%) 

文章中說 geese有recent sharp increase in population   也就是最近geese的總數變多了 假如獵人的需求數量不變 那麼也許只要獵到現在總數的5%  獵人的需求就已被滿足  就算取消restriction也不會想要獵更多 => weaken 

但是這個答案好像不是很完美 因為假如以現在增加後的geese population來說  獵人要獵到6%才滿足需求  那麼restriction若取消 他們還是可能會繼續打獵 所以我覺得B的答案似乎不夠好 不過相對其他答案來說 應該是最好的

个人觉得scheduled date是个说不清的概念

到底是指什么?