OG 12 (E)选项ETS解释的疑惑?

12.   Formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do not apply to new small businesses in the same way as they do to established big businesses, because they are growing and are seldom in equilibrium.

(E) New small businesses are not subject to the applicability of formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity in the same way as established big businesses, because they are growing and are seldom in equilibrium.

og解释: Finally, the referent of they is not immediately clear in E.

1.为何ETS会这样说呢  they不是很明显指代前一句的主词New small businesses吗?还是因为有big businesses在前面? 所以在逻辑上无法很快就清楚  因为正确的(D)前面也有两个名词 但没有指代的问题

2.逻辑是否为指代的最高指标?判断的第一先决条件?

请大家帮忙确认一下  谢谢!!

Ethey可指代小企业也可指代大企业  因为逻辑上都说得通  所以指代不清

D是 do not apply to them in the same way as to established big businesses.（D）说明them 只能指代小企业

我认为逻辑意思是指代的第一条

got it!!

thanks , paopao

代词指代是否明确不是绝对的，判断时尽量不要用“代词指代不明”对选项做排除

可是本题如果不从代词指代不清开始，从那里入手呢？？请NN指点！

代词指代确实比较伤神, 但有一些必错的指代可以判断:

1. 同一代词在同一句子里不能指代不同事物. (虽然有反例, 但总的来讲比较管用).

2. 代词不可指代所有格, 而要指代中心词.

3. 代词与其指代对象单复数必须一致.

而这题里they犯了第一条禁忌.

多谢薰衣草姐姐，你是我学习的榜样，刻苦，助人，聪明：）

但是照这一题ETS对A和B中THEY的解释，因为FORMULAS和THEY分别是主句和从句的主语，那么THEY就指代FORMULAS，但是如果这样的话，为什么还会说E中THEY指代不清呢，E中THEY是从句的主语，NEW SMALL BUSINESSES是主句的主语啊？请指教……

In A, the they after because is ambiguous; it seems illogically to refer to Formulas because they and Formulas are each the grammatical subject of a clause and because the previous they refers to Formulas.
        

前提是第一个they指,Formulas;

E中they前边两个主语都比较清晰,这样代词they的指代就成问题