请NN指教,with的用法

bloodcherry · 发表于 2004-9-20 04:18:00

我想知道,with放在句首的时候，到底有没有逻辑主语的问题呢，(我个人认为是有的) 这些日子做题做的很饶，但是又找不到足够的证据来支持这个观点 ,有请NN指点

这里有几个例子是我做题的时候发现的，自己糊里糊涂,不知道判断的诀窍到底是不是在于with

1.大全里的例子

1. Bihar is India’s poorest state, with an annual per capita income of $111, lower than in the most impoverished countries of the world.

(A) lower than in

(B) lower than that of

(C) and lower than that of

(D) which is lower than in（B）

(E) which is lower than it is in

OG里的例子:

In addition to having more protein than wheat does, rice has protein of higher quality than that in wheat, with more of the amino acids essential to the human diet.

In this sentence, the initial clause modifies the nearest noun, identifying it as the thing being compared with wheat. By making protein the noun modified, choices A, C, and D illogically compare wheat with protein and claim that the protein in rice has more protein than wheat does. In C and D, the comparative structure higher in quality than it is in wheat absurdly suggests that rice protein contains wheat. B, the best choice, logically compares wheat to rice by placing the noun rice immediately after the initial clause. B also uses that to refer to protein in making the comparison between the proteins of rice and wheat. Choice E needs either that in or does after wheat to make a complete and logical comparison.

从上面2题看来,似乎with是有逻辑主语问题的，尤其是OG里的例子,with后面简直就是解题的关键

请看GWD里的几个例子

GWD9-3

Because of wireless service costs plummeting in the last year, and as mobile phones are increasingly common, many people now using their mobile phones to make calls across a wide region at night and on weekends, when numerous wireless companies provide unlimited airtime for a relatively small monthly fee.

A. Because of wireless service costs plummeting in the last year, and as mobile phones are increasingly common, many people

B. As the cost of wireless service plummeted in the last year and as mobile phones became increasingly common, many people

C. In the last year, with the cost of wireless service plummeting, and mobile phones have become increasingly common, there are many people

D. With the cost of wireless service plummeting in the last year and mobile phones becoming increasingly common, many people are

E. While the cost of wireless service has plummeted in the last year and mobile phones are increasingly common, many people are

这题答案在D,E中争论，但是如果with有逻辑主语的话，可以轻松的排除D

GWD 9-18(同3-22)

On account of a law passed in 1993, making it a crime punishable by imprisonment that a United States citizen hold gold in the form of bullion or coins, immigrants found that on arrival in the United States they had to surrender all of the gold they had brought with them.

A. On account of a law passed in 1993, making it a crime punishable by imprisonment that a United States citizen hold

B. With a law passed in 1933 that makes it a crime punishable by imprisonment that a United States citizen hold

C. A law passed in 1933 that made it a crime punishable by imprisonment for a United States citizen holding

D. Because of a law passed in 1933 making it a crime punishable by imprisonment for a United States citizen to hold

E. Due to a law being passed in 1933 that makes it a crime punishable by imprisonment for a United States citizen to hold

这题答案一直在BD中争论，但是NN发现B中hold时态不对,可以排除...但是我想知道的是,如果B中的hold改成holds,是否答案就正确了?

如果with有逻辑主语的话,那么B中immigrants做主语就逻辑上不合理了,可以直接排除...

想了很久不明白，请NN指点...bow先

bloodcherry · 发表于 2004-9-20 19:58:00

自己顶一下,快要考了急啊...

谢谢各位了

携隐 · 发表于 2004-9-20 20:50:00

MM不要着急。with问题好像这两天另外一个帖子也有争论。我给一点我的看法，具体用法还等NN们来解释。

你举的OG例子里，rice和wheat那个，OG的解释不是说with的问题，initial clause指的是in addition to having。。。这个从句，跟with没有关系的。

with介词短语在句首，一般作状语，这时应该是有逻辑主语的吧。with短语在句中大部分情况是作后置定语，修饰就近的名词，这时不存在逻辑主语问题。至于在句尾－－要看具体情况。基本上，短一点的就是作定语，长的可能作状语。呵呵。

bloodcherry · 发表于 2004-9-20 22:09:00

以下是引用携隐在2004-9-20 20:50:00的发言：

MM不要着急。with问题好像这两天另外一个帖子也有争论。我给一点我的看法，具体用法还等NN们来解释。

你举的OG例子里，rice和wheat那个，OG的解释不是说with的问题，initial clause指的是in addition to having。。。这个从句，跟with没有关系的。

with介词短语在句首，一般作状语，这时应该是有逻辑主语的吧。with短语在句中大部分情况是作后置定语，修饰就近的名词，这时不存在逻辑主语问题。至于在句尾－－要看具体情况。基本上，短一点的就是作定语，长的可能作状语。呵呵。

晕..多谢多谢,我看晕了，直接就把with当做判断rice做主语的根据了，自己勾出来居然都没仔细看

按照xy JJ说的，那GWD那两题是否都可以用逻辑主语的道理直接排掉混淆选项?

请继续指点

携隐 · 发表于 2004-9-20 22:38:00

应该是的吧.语法书里说with作"方式/手段"用.看看这样能不能帮你解题?还有pumpkin曾经就with写过一些解释:

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=23&ID=42011

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-9-20 22:38:51编辑过]

bloodcherry · 发表于 2004-9-21 04:01:00

再次谢谢XY JJ出手指点

又发现一道GWD 11-1

For the last five years the Dutch economy has grown faster than Britain, France, or Germany, with the unemployment rate having remained well below that of the other three countries.

Britain, France, or Germany, with the unemployment rate having remained
have those of Britain, France, or Germany, and the unemployment rate remaining
have Britain, France, and Germany, and the unemployment rate has remained
the economy of Britain, France, and Germany, with the unemployment rate that has remained
the economies of Britain, France, and Germany, and the unemployment rate has remained

这题迅速排除D,也可以用with的逻辑主语这个问题吧,因为unemployment rate肯定是Dutch,而不是Dutch economic

如果是这样的话,以后又多了个很有利的排除错误选项的利器

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-9-21 4:01:15编辑过]

horsefish · 发表于 2004-9-21 06:03:00

以下是引用bloodcherry在2004-9-21 4:01:00的发言：

再次谢谢XY JJ出手指点

又发现一道GWD 11-1

For the last five years the Dutch economy has grown faster than Britain, France, or Germany, with the unemployment rate having remained well below that of the other three countries.

Britain, France, or Germany, with the unemployment rate having remained
have those of Britain, France, or Germany, and the unemployment rate remaining
have Britain, France, and Germany, and the unemployment rate has remained
the economy of Britain, France, and Germany, with the unemployment rate that has remained
the economies of Britain, France, and Germany, and the unemployment rate has remained

这题迅速排除D,也可以用with的逻辑主语这个问题吧,因为unemployment rate肯定是Dutch,而不是Dutch economic

如果是这样的话,以后又多了个很有利的排除错误选项的利器

with在句首要求逻辑主语, 在句尾时实际上应该修饰前面句子主语,但如果前面是名词, 很容易以为with是修饰前面跟着的哪个名词, 而不是前面句子的主语, .og里面有解释对这两种都有例题.

此题选项D:Germany,with..., 很容易产生歧义认为with修饰的是Germany, 所以不是正确答案.

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-9-21 6:20:53编辑过]

bloodcherry · 发表于 2004-9-21 06:49:00

万分感谢

携隐 · 发表于 2004-9-21 23:45:00

又一个with的例子：

212. The Baldrick Manufacturing Company has for

several years followed a policy aimed at decreasing operating costs and improving the efficiency of its distribution system.

(A) aimed at decreasing operating costs and improving

(B) aimed at the decreasing of operating costs and to improve

(C) aiming at the decreasing of operating costs and improving

(D) the aim of which is the decreasing of operating costs and improving

(E) with the aim to decrease operating costs and to improve

The best choice, A, offers an adjective phrase unequivocally modifying policy and exhibiting grammatical parallelism (decreasing ... and improving). In choice B, the gerund the decreasing is not grammatically parallel with the infinitive to improve. Likewise, in C and D, the decreasing of... costs is not parallel with improving the efficiency. In E, the infinitives to decrease and to improve, while parallel, are less idiomatic than the prepositional phrase of decreasing ... and improving in modifying the noun aim. Also, with the aim... improve can easily be construed as referring to the Baldrick Manufacturing Company and so does not refer unequivocally to policy.

还有一道相似的题目，就是这两天讨论的，with the intention to。。。也是错的。当然NN给出解释说with the intention to本身就是unidiomatic的，但我想除了不惯用外，with the noun to。。。也不太用吧。

salmon_yzy · 发表于 2005-9-15 23:01:00

212. The Baldrick Manufacturing Company has for
several years followed a policy aimed at decreasing operating costs and improving the efficiency of its distribution system.
(A)  aimed at decreasing operating costs and improving
(B)  aimed at the decreasing of operating costs and to improve
(C)  aiming at the decreasing of operating costs and improving
(D)  the aim of which is the decreasing of operating costs and improving
(E) with the aim to decrease operating costs and to improve

偶觉得，其实有时候大家都被og的解释误导，本来这道题考得就是has done 这种用法for

several years followed a policy主要充当时间状语从句，句子采用完成时态，其他的都是陷阱。

[SC总结] 请NN指教,with的用法

请NN指教,with的用法

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