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OG 122提问

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楼主
发表于 2004-8-9 07:02:00 | 只看该作者

OG 122提问

122. Chinese, the most ancient of living writing systems, consists of tens of thousands of ideographic charac­ters, each character miniature(极小) calligraphic(书法艺术) composition inside its own square frame.


(A)  each character a miniature calligraphic compo­sition inside its(同位结构)


(B)  all the characters a miniature calligraphic ;       composition inside their


(C)  all the characters a miniature calligraphic composition inside its


(D)  every character a miniature calligraphic compo­sition inside their


(E)   each character a miniature calligraphic compo­sition inside their


Choice A is best: the appositive terms character and com­position, both singular, agree in number; both also agree with the singular possessive pronoun its. In all the other choices, this three-way agreement in number is violated.


答案没有问题,我自己也同意选择A


但是A答案后面两个名词在一起,做什么解释呢

推荐
发表于 2008-5-28 19:20:00 | 只看该作者

From BY

独立主格结构

 1)独立主格结构放在句首或句尾,起状语作用,表伴随原因﹑条件﹑状态等。

 2)一般独立主格,与主句形成松散的逻辑关系,形式为:

   n+ n.; n. + -ed/ing形式; n. + 介词短语;n. +形容词短语

 3)with型独立主格,与主句形成紧密的逻辑联系,形式为:

   with + n. + -ed/ing形式; with + n. + adj.; with + n. + 介词短语
            
作状语修饰前一个分句的动作类型词
            
:Visitors to the park have often looked into the leafy canopy and seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging like socks on a clothesline. with引导的独立主格作状语就近修饰sleeping

 4)each型独立主格,强调句尾名词,形式为:

   句子 + 复数名词结尾, each + 介词短语/形容词短语/-ed形式/-ing形式。

   :Chinese, the most ancient of living writing systems, consists of tens of thousands of ideographic characters, each character a miniature calligraphic composition inside its own square frame. 独立主格形式 n + n 与主句形成松散逻辑关系

没见过every型独立主格。

沙发
发表于 2004-8-9 07:40:00 | 只看该作者
独立主格的一种形式
板凳
 楼主| 发表于 2004-8-9 08:34:00 | 只看该作者
什么是独立主格
地板
发表于 2004-8-9 11:34:00 | 只看该作者

关于独立主格,可以参考这个网站,个人认为解释地比较详细。

http://www.ecp.com.cn/in2004/ca1890.htm

5#
发表于 2008-5-28 17:11:00 | 只看该作者
独立主格可以用every   引导吗?我知道each 可以。。。。呵呵
7#
发表于 2008-11-23 12:11:00 | 只看该作者
以下是引用raiden_lee在2008-5-28 19:20:00的发言:

From BY

独立主格结构

 1)独立主格结构放在句首或句尾,起状语作用,表伴随原因﹑条件﹑状态等。

 2)一般独立主格,与主句形成松散的逻辑关系,形式为:

   n+ n.; n. + -ed/ing形式; n. + 介词短语;n. +形容词短语

 3)with型独立主格,与主句形成紧密的逻辑联系,形式为:

   with + n. + -ed/ing形式; with + n. + adj.; with + n. + 介词短语
   
作状语修饰前一个分句的动作类型词
   
:Visitors to the park have often looked into the leafy canopy and seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging like socks on a clothesline. with引导的独立主格作状语就近修饰sleeping

 4)each型独立主格,强调句尾名词,形式为:

   句子 + 复数名词结尾, each + 介词短语/形容词短语/-ed形式/-ing形式。

   :Chinese, the most ancient of living writing systems, consists of tens of thousands of ideographic characters, each character a miniature calligraphic composition inside its own square frame. 独立主格形式 n + n 与主句形成松散逻辑关系

没见过every型独立主格。

对这道题看了那么多讨论的链接,觉得这条最管用。谢谢!
8#
发表于 2009-1-16 12:27:00 | 只看该作者
以下是引用raiden_lee在2008-5-28 19:20:00的发言:

From BY

独立主格结构

 1)独立主格结构放在句首或句尾,起状语作用,表伴随原因﹑条件﹑状态等。

 2)一般独立主格,与主句形成松散的逻辑关系,形式为:

   n+ n.; n. + -ed/ing形式; n. + 介词短语;n. +形容词短语

 3)with型独立主格,与主句形成紧密的逻辑联系,形式为:

   with + n. + -ed/ing形式; with + n. + adj.; with + n. + 介词短语
   
作状语修饰前一个分句的动作类型词
   
:Visitors to the park have often looked into the leafy canopy and seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging like socks on a clothesline. with引导的独立主格作状语就近修饰sleeping

 4)each型独立主格,强调句尾名词,形式为:

   句子 + 复数名词结尾, each + 介词短语/形容词短语/-ed形式/-ing形式。

   :Chinese, the most ancient of living writing systems, consists of tens of thousands of ideographic characters, each character a miniature calligraphic composition inside its own square frame. 独立主格形式 n + n 与主句形成松散逻辑关系

没见过every型独立主格。

收藏了
9#
发表于 2013-12-22 08:35:11 | 只看该作者
一、独立主格结构含义
独立主格结构,又叫独立结构(absolute construction)。它在句法上游离于句子主体之外,跟主句没有任何句法联系;但在意义上却与主句紧密联系在一起,共同构成一个完整的语义环境。独立主格结构没有主语和谓语,只有逻辑上的主语,因此,它在句法上不是句子,而是一个独立于句子成分之外的独特结构形式。
独立主格结构可置于句首、句尾,用逗号与主句隔开。
二、独立主格结构的形式
独立主格结构可分为两部分,一部分是名词或代词(主格),起着逻辑主语的作用;另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成,表示前面名词或代词的状态、状况或动作。
1)名词/代词+形容词
I heard that she got injured in the accident,my heart full of worry.我听说她在这场事故中受了伤,内心充满担忧。
He stood silent in the moon-light,his door open.月光下,门开着,他默默地站立在那。
2)名词/代词+现在分词
Winter coming,it gets colder and colder.冬天来了,天气越来越冷了。
The rain having stopped ,he went out for a walk.雨停了,他出去散步。
3)名词/代词+过去分词
More time given,we should have done it much better.如果给我们更多的时间,我们会做得更好。
The boy stood there,his right hand raised.那个男生站在那里,右手高举。
4)名词/代词(主格)+不定式
Here are the first two volumes,the third one to come out next month.这是前两卷,第三卷将于下月问世。
The two boys said good-bye to each other,one to go home,the other to go to his friend's.两个男孩彼此道了别,一个回了家,另一个去了他朋友家。
5)名词/代词十介词短语
The huntsman entered the forest,gun in hand.那位猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。
注意:这里,gun in hand还可以说成with a gun in his hand,但不可以说a gun in hand或gun in his hand。
6)名词/代词十副词
Nobody in,the thief took a lot of things away.由于没有人,小偷拿走了许多东西。
Lunch over,he left the house.But he was thinking.午饭结束,他离开屋。但他还在考虑。
7)名词/代词+名词
He fought the wolf,a stick his only weapon.他和狼搏斗着,唯一的武器是一根棍棒。
8)with复合结构
它的构成是:“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”。宾语由代词、名词、名词词组充当,宾补由分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词等充当。
Holms and Watson sat with the light on for half an hour.福尔摩斯和沃森坐着,让灯亮了半个小时。(介词短语)
He used to sleep with the door open.他过去常开着门睡觉。(形容词)
With a boy leading the way,they started towards the village.由一个小男孩领着路,他们朝那个村子去了。(现在分词)
With the work done,he went home.工作做完后,他回了家。(过去分词)
With you to help us,we will finish the task in time.由你来帮助,我们将会及时完成任务。(不定式)
Hong Kong looks more beautiful with thou-sands of lights on at night.夜里,香港万盏灯火,分外美丽。(副词)
从以上例句可以看出:在with复合结构中,宾语和宾补之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系。当这种主谓关系表现为主动语态时,用现在分词;当这种主谓关系表现为被动语态时,用过去分词;当这种主谓关系表示将来意义时,用不定式;当这种主谓关系表示伴随意义时,用现在分词或副词。
三、独立主格结构的功能
独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中,其作用相当于一个状语从句,常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。
1)表示时间
Her work done ,she sat down for a cup of tea.她干完了活,坐下来喝茶。
2)表示条件
The condition being favourable ,he may succeed.若条件有利,他或许能成功。
3)表示原因
There being no taxis,we had to walk.没有出租车,我们只好步行。
4)表示伴随情况
Almost all metals are good conductors,silver being the best of all.几乎所有的金属都是良导体,而银则是最好的导体。
四、形式选择中应该注意的问题
1)现在分词还是过去分词?
在独立主格结构中,主格词与分词形成逻辑主谓关系时,用现在分词。如:Winter coming ,it gets colder and colder.一句中,“春天”和“到来”是逻辑主谓关系,用现在分词;主格词与分词形成逻辑动宾关系时,用过去分词。如:More money given,we should have sent more employees to the mother company to get trained.一句中,“money”和“give”是动宾关系(被动关系),用过去分词。
在独立主格结构中,如果强调分词的时间发生在主句动词时间之前,常用现在分词
完成时态表示。如:The snow having stopped,she went out to sweep the snow in the yard.
现在分词与过去分词的性质完全不同,但在独立结构中,有时却有共同之处:现在分词的被动式有时可以简化为过去分词。例如:
As her skirt was caught on a nail,she could not move.
→Her skirt being caught on a nail,she could not move.
→Her skirt caught on a nail,she could not move.
After his work had been finished,he went home.
→His work having been finished,he went home.
→His work finished,he went home.
2)分词结构还是独立结构?
上面的例子告诉我们,独立结构常常可以看作是由主从复合句中的从句变来的。但是,如果从句和主句的主语相同,则不可改为独立结构。例如:
Since he was very tired with his walk,he soon fell asleep and forgot his troubles.
不可改为:
He being very tired with his walk,he...
但可改为:Being very tired with his walk ,he...

希望有帮助!!!!!!!!!!!
10#
发表于 2013-12-22 09:05:19 | 只看该作者
Almost all metals are good conductors,silver being the best of all 这句话中的being可以省略么?在gmat中,being是不是大部分都是错误的?
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