请教 OG 120

OG 120

120. The Parthenon was a church from 1204 until 1456, when Athens was taken by General Mohammed the Conqueror, the Turkish sultan, who established a mosque in the building and used the Acropolis as a fortress.

(A) who established a mosque in the building and used the Acropolis as

(B) who, establishing a mosque in the building, used the Acropolis like

(C) who, when he had established a mosque in the building, used the Acropolis like

(D) who had established a mosque in the building, using the Acropolis to be（A）

(E) establishing a mosque in the building and using the Acropolis as

OG 解释:

Choice A, the best answer, correctly supplies the past tense verbs established and used to describe two actions performed in 1456; also, it idiomatically employs the phrase used the Acropolis as a fortress, in which used as means “employed in the capacity of.” Choices B and C incorrectly replace as with like. Furthermore, in C, when he had established a mosque distorts the intended meaning by stating that the first action was completed before the second was begun. Similarly, in D, had established... using states that Mohammed had already performed the actions before capturing Athens; and in E, establishing and using modify Athens, thus producing an absurd statement. In addition, D includes the unidiomatic construction “using x to be y.”

我的问题是:  

为何OG 认为 establishing and using 是修饰 Athens 而不是 General Mohammed the Conqueror, the Turkish sultan ? 按常理, establishing and using 紧挨 the Conqueror, the Turkish sultan ,更应该是修饰后者呀.

进一步, 这种在句尾的分词结构, 如果作定语, 其修饰对象的优先顺序是什么?  是句子主语还是最近的名词?

另外, 分词结构在句尾, 作状语的时候应该更多吧?

先谢了!!!

E，动词ing形式

问题一，伴随状态，伴“谁”

问题二，动词在发生么？

多谢各位的热心回答,  在 stoneren 帖出的链接里有很详细的讨论, 我再体会体会.

Thanks again!