由OG11-104想到的分词用法

104. Nuclear fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs, merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors.

(A) merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors

(B) merging the nuclei of atoms instead of splitting them apart, like nuclear reactors

(C) merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do

(D) and merges the nuclei of atoms but does not split them apart, as is done in unclear reactors

(E) and merges the nuclei of atoms, unlike atomic reactors that split them apart

手里没有１１版的ＯＧ偶然在贴子中看到ＣＤ前辈关于这题的讨论主要是围绕在ＣＥ之间。有点小想法，和大家讨论一下

分词在句中主要有两种用途（according to the ETS's logic）即伴随状语和修饰定语

且在伴随中有两种形式：伴随着句子主要是句子谓语发生的；另一个是整个句子做为原因导致分词动作的产生

而在ＧＭＡＴ中前者做伴随状结构是主要考点在考虑选项时，（在分词做状语的情况下）我以为以伴随优先（当然并不是说后者不考虑）

此题复杂在merging 前有两个句子一个主句一个从句，从而导致分歧，我想在这样的情况下，即然伴随形式居先，而伴随多半是根据句子的谓语同时发生，我们可否先不论逻辑主语,代merging分别到从句和主句中试,主句动词is显然讲不通,而从句powers伴随merging却能更好的理解句意,何乐而不为?我想在灵活的标准下,这种有效替代的方式也可以帮助我们得到相对完美的选项.

此外注意到E选项中代回到原题中的形式是这样:Nuclear fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs, and merges个人觉得以并列结构最后一项,and结束以后再加上一个,and看起来太别扭(不知OG及相关资料中是否有这样的结构看题太少的说,哪位XDJM能提供一点这方面的资料就更爽了)

最后as与like,unlike E选中带进一个不相关名词,因为全篇都在说nuclei,它却引入atomic让人莫名其妙,相比nuclear好些,而as+句子强调句子的动作一致性,个人认为比like unlike强调动作发出者本身要好多.

还有一例,有些相似

Many financial experts believe that policy makers at the Federal Reserve, now viewing the economy as balanced between moderate growth
and low inflation, are almost certain to leave interest rates unchanged for the
foreseeable future.

1. Reserve, now viewing the economy as balanced between moderate
   growth and low inflation, are
   
2. Reserve, now viewing the economy to be balanced between that of
   moderate growth and low inflation and are
   
3. Reserve who, now viewing the economy as balanced between
   moderate growth and low inflation, are
   
4. Reserve, who now view the economy to be balanced between that
   of moderate growth and low inflation, will be
   
5. Reserve, which now views the economy to be balanced between
   moderate growth and low inflation, is

答案是A,同样是一个夹在主从句间的分词结构.

不妨来看看,如果先不清楚now viewing 在这里的结构,估且当它是伴随状语代入试试发现主句动词是believe,从句动词是are显然都不合逻辑,那么这里的分词就应该是修饰定语了,它的修饰对像是谁?发现分词结构是夹在从句的主语和谓语之间的,我觉得在这样的条件下,认为分词是在修饰主句主语未免有些勉强,而看作是修饰从句主语比较好.

另外我想问的是,一般分词做定语修饰N都是按就近原则,且很少跳跃修饰,那么在这题里viewing跳过Federal

Reserve修饰policy makers（虽然逻辑上没有问题）但这种情形在其他地方还有例子吗？即分词也能跳跃修饰的例子，希望大家多多指教，欢迎拍砖！

(A) merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors

(B) merging the nuclei of atoms instead of splitting them apart, like nuclear reactors

(C) merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do

(D) and merges the nuclei of atoms but does not split them apart, as is done in unclear reactors

(E) and merges the nuclei of atoms, unlike atomic reactors that split them apart

看OG11的解释说正是这个逗号决定了and作为that引导的限定性定于从句的并列补充成为不可能，想了想的确是这么回事，一般情况下都是a,b,and c，如果主语相同的话会出现a and b的情况，前者and前必须有逗号而后者and前必须没有逗号。我们可以确定的是Nuclear fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs,
        and merges the nuclei of atoms, unlike atomic reactors that split them apart.在GMAT中是不正确的，但是不知道Nuclear fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs and merges the nuclei of atoms, unlike atomic reactors that split them apart.取消了and之前的逗号是不是正确的呢？

如果把and前面的逗号去掉,在没有专业背景知识的前提下，也不考虑后面提到的unlike与as的用法出入

单从merges的动作发出者来判断应该是Nuclear fusion or the force ?

好像都说的通或者在这样的情况下实义动词merges比be更能体现

and的并列平行结构？

请教指点~~有点晕的说

ps:哪位好心人能贴一下OG11的解释上来看看，谢谢

And not is an awkward way to establish a contrast; instead of,rather than,or unlike are more appropriate idioms to express a contrast.The comma following bombs is paired with the comma following apart, and this comma pair sets off the participial phrase introduced by merging. As introduces a clause;since a clause requires a subject and a verb, as cannot be followed by the prepositional phrase in nuclear reactors.

A   And not is not a correct idiom; as should be followed by a clause

B   Although like can grammatically be followed by a noun phrase such as nuclear reactors,here the basis of comparison si unclear, and the usage is incorrect

C   Correct. Rather than is a correct idiom for comparison in this sentence; as is followed by a clause with a subject, nuclear reactors, and a verb, do; the comparison is clear and complete.

D   Illogical and awkward construction attempts to make merges the second verb of the restrictive clause parallel to powers and does not split; punctuation makes clear this separate action cannot be the case; as is done is awkward and wordy

E   Illogical and awkward construction incorrectly makes merges the second verb of the restrictive clause and a separate action parallel to powers; comparison is awkwardly drawn; switch from nuclear to atomic is unexplained and unsupported

谢谢楼上的~~

且继续讨教