挖个坟。 刷第三遍的时候才彻底搞懂V-ING的用法。 个人觉得这里不能改EARNING，因为V-ING的用法是： 1）修饰主语和谓语 & 2）SIMULTANEOUS/IMMEDIATE CONSEQUENCE。 前一部分：HELD 17 RECORDS可以看出 2）说不通。 -- by 会员 wxtttt (2012/10/3 18:44:54)
just satisfy one of them is ok （ the first would have been better by changing in this way ： providing extra information for the preceding clause）
OG12 #30： For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears. if the sentence should satisfy the two requirement you have written， then it should not be correct.. open to discussion -- by 会员 DUKB24 (2012/10/3 19:40:10)
DU大回帖真荣幸～ 记不得哪个帖子挖出来的，应该是RON对V-ING的讲解，里面提到了两个必须都满足。 the"comma + ing" modifier should only be used when:
(A)
itMODIFIES THE ENTIRE ACTION of the preceding clause, and it APPLIES TO THESUBJECT of that clause;
AND
(B)
oneof the following is true:
(1)the "ing" action is SIMULTANEOUS with, and SUBORDINATE to, the mainaction;
-i ran down the sidewalk, flapping my arms wildly
(2)the "ing" action is a DIRECTAND IMMEDIATE CONSEQUENCE of the mainaction.
-i got a 100 on the most recent exam, bringing my average up to 91
--
sinceCOMMA + -ING clauses are automatically attributed to the SUBJECT of thepreceding clause, this modifies the moon.
asit clearly should, in context.
alsonote that it applies not only to that subject, but to the entire action of thatclause (this is what makes it "adverbial").
two problems with that choice:
1) when you use a COMMA -ING modifier after a clause**, you should actuallysatisfy TWO requirements:
-- the modifier should modify theaction of the preceding clause, as you have stated;
AND
-- the subject of the preceding clause should alsomake sense as the agent of the-ING action.
examples:
Joebroke the window, angeringhis father. -->this sentence makes sense,because it correctly implies that Joe "angeredhis father".
thewindowwas broken byJoe, angeringhis father.-->this sentence doesn't make sense, because it implies that the window(i.e., notJoe himself) angered Joe's father.
my brothertricked me, disappointing Dad -->implies that dad is disappointed in my brother for tricking me (and notnecessarily disappointed in me for being tricked).
I was trickedby my brother, disappointing Dad -->implies that dad is disappointed in me because i fell for my brother's trick(and not that he's disappointed in my brother for tricking me).
OG12#30觉得应该是满足（B）的（2）的
-- by 会员 wxtttt (2012/10/3 20:14:38)
您好，看见你们顶起帖子，说下自己的粗鄙的想法： 这里不满足（2），（2）为表结果 i got a 100 on the most recent exam, bringing my average up to 91我参加了这个exam，导致了平均分。。。。 但是这里的句子For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears. animal-hides 是一种必要的items。。。有结果么？不可能是一个行为导致一个结果，所以不符合 其实因为这里是系动词were，不表示动作，所以ing只能就近修饰，这个系动词可以用来判断ing的作用。 open to discuss -- by 会员 qiuhua01234567 (2012/10/3 20:26:43)
这个例子可以有！ | 
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发表于 2012-10-3 20:33:25
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