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paulpaul82

118. The world wildlife fund has declared that global warming, a phenomenon most scientsts agree to be caused by human begings in burning fossil fuels, will create havoc among migratory birds by altering the enviroment in ways harmful to their habitats.

a) A phenomenon most scientists agree to be caused by human beings in burning fossil fuels,
b) a phenomenon most scientists agree that is caused by fossil fuels burned by human beings,
c) a phenomenon that most scientists agree is caused by human beings's burning of fossil fuels
d) which most scientists agree on as phenomenon caused by human beings who burn fossil fuels,
e) which most scientsts agree to be a phenomenon caused by fossil fuels burned by human beings

答案是C

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• 选项A， 假如把by human beings in burning fossil fuels改成by human beings' burning of fossil fuels， 会变成最好选项么?
• 选项E,   假如把by fossil fuels burned by human beings改成by human beings' burning fo fossil fuels, 会变成最好选项么？
• 我对选项C有点疑虑。 that这里引导定语从句。此句变成正常语序就变成most scientists agree (a phenomenon) is caused by human begins' burning of fossil fuels.即“a phenomonon is caused ..."是agree的宾语。但是宾语从句前不是应该有'that'么（agree that。。）？此处改完了形式对么？
• 接上一个item，C中“most scientists agree"是插入语么？没逗号分开啊
• 另外， 能不能总结一下agree到底应该怎么用， agree as, agree on, agree that, agree to do, ....都什么时候用？

[此贴子已经被作者于2009/10/18 15:56:21编辑过]

taozike

其实这里的a phenomenon 指代global warming，从而不用再重复 global warming。

其实这里是同位语从句，不是定语从句。（名词 that 同位语从句）

paulpaul82

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AlienX

A/E的"most scientists agree to be caused by.."本身就不好.  LZ可以查一下Longman字典.
C中的most scientists agree是限制性的插入短語, 所以沒有commas.  如果有commas, 那就變成a phenomenon that is caused by human beings's burning of fossil fuels.  意思上不太一樣.

paulpaul82

感谢alienx，能不能麻烦具体点？要是能有inlined answer那就最好了。 麻烦你了

1. A&E， 我知道有点怪。 但我想知道到底哪里怪。“agree to do” longman里的意思全是sb agree to sth 或sb agree to do sth

i--请问，A＆Ｅ错的原因是不是因为A agree to be done（A同意被怎样怎样。。）在这里变成scientist同意被caused by, 而不是phenomenon被caused by -- 意思错误？

ii--另外，agree to be sth (YaoMing agreed to be a Rockets)， agree to be adj (agree to be quite)两中用法都存在对吧？

iii--而 sb agree sth to be true/caused by就不对了（agree本身也是不及物动词）， 对吗？

iv--令， 在longman里找到My sister won't agree to our mother going into a nursing home, 这个可以generalize成agree to sb doing sth（赞成某人做某事)么？

2. 关于C选项， 我不明白你的意思。 能不能具体点回复我的这两个问题？没听说有”限制性的插入短語“这么个语法结构啊？

that这里引导定语从句对吧？“most scientists agree"到底是什么成分啊？
    

假如"most scientest agree"是主谓， 那此句变成正常语序就变成most scientists agree “a phenomenon” is caused by human begins' burning of fossil fuels.即“a phenomonon..."是agree的宾语。但是宾语从句前不是应该有'that'么（sb agree that a phenomenon...）？

aeoluseros

根据排除法还是能选出C的，但是对于C的用法，我没找到书面上的理论解释。

agree的含义：
跟不定式：“同意做某事”
跟从句：同意....是事实，或应当如何
所以A的不定式"同意被做掉"那么就错了，E的"同意成为一个现象"，也错了。
故：
选项A， 假如把by human beings in burning fossil fuels改成by human beings' burning of fossil fuels， 会变成最好选项么?
选项E,   假如把by fossil fuels burned by human beings改成by human beings' burning fo fossil fuels, 会变成最好选项么？
两个都不会。

读这个句子的时候我也一直在most scientists agree究竟是插入语还是定语从句的观点里徘徊...
如果是插入语，可是我查不到这样的用法，all in all, there're no commas on both sides...

那就试试看定语从句能否解释得通：
C选项：a phenomenon that most scientists agree is caused by human beings's burning of fossil fuels
宾语从句后面的that绝对是能省的，特别这里most scientists agree前面有一个that了，句子里要避免两个that出现得很近，所以会省略一个或者把其中一个that用其他词替换.
所以我们在还原C选项的时候应该把that也补上：
a phenomenon that most scientists agree (that the phenomenon) is caused by human begins' burning of fossil fuels.
可以发现省略去后面的the phenomenon后：第一不引起歧义，因为phenomenon在宾语从句里做主语，离得也近，第二如果重复phenomenon会很罗嗦。所以省略the phenomenon并没有问题。只要符合这两点，语法里无一例外都能省略，我们或许应该把省略的范围看得再大一点，而不仅限于平行比较结构。

paulpaul82

两位（alienx & aeoluseros）牛魔王（称呼NN太埋没您了），前边的问题不用再看了， 总结了一下：

1.“【aeoluseros】宾语从句后面的that绝对是能省的(尤其像这种定语从句里还带个宾语从句的)” -- 【paul】 这点能确定么？ 我是不是应该雇人把XDF石林给”做“了？--anyway，假如能省， aeoluseros的解释我可以接受 ^_^

2. “【aeoluseros】只要符合这两点，语法里无一例外都能省略，我们或许应该把省略的范围看得再大一点，而不仅限于平行比较结构。” --【paul】同意， ellipsis --还记得有一道OG， ”the wine has been priced to sell, and they do （sell）"这道题我正经痛苦了一阵，最后去了manhattan review 的forum才弄明白

3. "【alienx】中的most scientists agree是限制性的插入短語, 所以沒有commas.  如果有commas, 那就變成a phenomenon that is caused by human beings's burning of fossil fuels.  意思上不太一樣." 【paul】您解释解释什么叫（限制性）插入短语吧？我觉得插入语得用comma隔开啊.既然你说这是插入语， 那不是说句子"主干"就是"a phenomenon that is caused by ..."么？这次麻烦你一定elaborate。

aeoluseros

恩，我确定能省。Prep里面也有很多例子，比如松鼠跳的那个：

135. At one time, the majestic American chestnut was so prevalent that it was said a squirrel could jump from tree to tree without once touching the ground between New York State and Georgia.

paulpaul82

了解了。一般都是两个that在一起离得太近可以省一个对吧？

另， 这题确实也可以理解成插入语！其实殊途同归， 搞不好这两个其实是一个知识点，你觉得呢 （你上边PREP135“it was said"不也可以看成是插入语嘛）？

用简短的句子结构作插入语。这类短语有:I think, I hope, I guess, I believe, I suppose, I wonder, I tell you, I say, I'm afraid, I'm sure, you see, you know, as you know, that is, that is to say, what's more等等,它们可以置于句中或句尾。如:
    I suggest you choose someone who you think is kind and friendly.
    This diet, I think, will do good to your health.
    It won't be raining long, I hope.
    You will have to work harder, you know, if you want to succeed.

aeoluseros

umm...maybe...不过我在The Handbook of Good English上看到过插入语是要逗号的...但众说纷纭，GMAT就是有些地方跟语法书是有出入的...要不把这两个句子都记下来...以后让谁看到这里再续此贴吧..


另外我在OG12-RC的最后一篇中倒是看到一句话：In the two decades between 1910 and 1930, more than ten percent of the black population of the United States left the South, where the preponderance of the black pupilation had been located, and migrated to northern states, with the largest number moving, it is claimed, between 1916 and 1918.