【每日阅读训练第四期——速度越障16系列】【16-04】文史哲

kudoucliff

Hi大家好，
Heathcliff同学杀鸡归来，继续阅读小分队～～今天有三篇文章，SPEED的time1和time2为同一篇，Time3、4、5是同一篇～～～标题白色了，拖黑可见～～hope you enjoy～～


SPEED

【Time 1】

Ginger & Rosa and Reality
Two excellent movies about love in Cold War England and celebrity in present-day Italy, respectively.

Sally Potter’s Ginger & Rosa, an impressionistic coming-of-age tale about the friendship between two adolescent girls in Cold War London, packs an impressive amount of personal and political history into a wispy 90 minutes of screen time. Starring the resplendent Elle Fanning (who was only 13 at the time of filming) as shy, bookish Ginger and Alice Englert (the daughter of the Australian director Jane Campion, in her film debut) as her boy-crazy best friend Rosa, Potter’s film is conventional in form, worlds away from her playful, fluid 1992 adaptation of Virginia Woolf’s century-skipping, gender-morphing novel Orlando.

Potter explicitly links the lives of her teenage protagonists to the end of World War II: An opening shot of the mushroom cloud over Hiroshima gives way to a scene in a maternity hospital in 1945, as the girls’ mothers (Ginger’s is played by Christina Hendricks, Rosa’s by Jodhi May) go through labor at the same time. Seventeen years later, both girls and mothers are best friends—but as teenage girls will do, Ginger and Rosa have decided their mothers are irredeemably pathetic. Ginger’s romantic idealism finds expression in her engagement with the anti-nuke protest movement, especially after she attends an exhilarating street protest with her two gay godfathers (both named Mark, and charmingly played by Timothy Spall and Oliver Platt) and their radical feminist friend (Annette Bening).

The fatherless Rosa, on the other hand, pins her outsized adolescent longings to the figure of Ginger’s glamorous dad Roland (Alessandro Nivola), an intellectual bohemian who served a jail term during the war for refusing military service, and who isn’t about to let the world forget about what he sees as his anti-bourgeois heroism. Roland is a fascinating character, capable of acts of monstrous selfishness but also clearly besotted with his lively, intelligent daughter. After he moves from the apartment he shares with Ginger and her mother into a squalid bachelor flat, the story takes a couple of late turns into melodrama. But the first hour, which establishes the teenage girls’ intimate bond in a series of economical, near-wordless vignettes (sneaking cigarettes, hitchhiking, reading celebrity magazines in the bathtub) creates a lingering mood of lyrical melancholy that carries throughout the film. It’s that mood—combined with the chance to watch the changing emotional weather on the face of Elle Fanning, who at 14 has already established herself, not just as promising young actress, but as a major talent—that makes Ginger & Rosa feel more substantial than it is.
（414）

【Time 2】

The Italian director Matteo Garrone’s last two movies—the grim fact-based mob drama Gomorrah (2008) and his newest, the trash-TV satire Reality—both won the Grand Prix at Cannes. Garrone’s use of bright, garish colors, broad social satire, and stylized camerawork in Reality place it at a far aesthetic remove from the documentary-style naturalism of Gomorrah. But the two films share a certain savage candor, a drive to expose what Garrone clearly sees as a spiritual rottenness at the heart of contemporary Italian culture.

The expansive, charismatic Luciano (Aniello Arena) operates a fish stand at an outdoor market in Naples, running small-time scams on the side to provide for his large, noisy extended family (often framed by Garrone in comic-grotesque tableaux straight out of Fellini). When his wife (Loredana Simioli) encourages him to sign up for an open audition for Big Brother, Luciano is at first resistant, then eager, and eventually desperate to secure a spot on the show. Waiting to hear back from the producers, he begins to interpret every unusual occurrence in his everyday life as a sign that the show’s producers are spying on him, judging his worthiness as a potential contestant. Luciano also tries to parlay his slight acquaintance with a past Big Brother winner, the glitzy pseudo-celebrity Enzo (Raffaele Ferrante) into acceptance on the program, resulting in a series of encounters of escalating awkwardness that can’t help but recall Robert DeNiro’s stalking of Jerry Lewis in The King of Comedy.
When Luciano begins to suspect that a cricket on his living-room wall is some kind of plant from the Big Brother crew—could it contain a hidden camera?—we’re not meant to see him simply as an individual paranoid kook. Reality isn’t a realistic drama about one man’s descent into mental illness but a mordant parable about the corrosive power of the hunger for fame. No one would call Garrone’s insights about materialism and celebrity culture subtle, but the movie’s broad satire still bites deep, largely thanks to the work of Aniello Arena, the magnetic 44-year-old actor who plays the yearning, deluded Luciano.

Arena’s back story is as incredible as anything we see onscreen: He’s currently serving a multidecade prison sentence for his involvement in a mafia-related triple murder in 1991. After discovering acting at a prison theater workshop, Arena spent a decade working with the prison’s stage company before a judge agreed to release him on a day pass to shoot Reality. (Garrone wanted him for Gomorrah, too, but a judge ruled that a realistic mob drama was the wrong movie for a convicted mafioso’s debut.) It’s clear that acting for Arena is less a job than an act of spiritual redemption. The actor’s feverish urgency matches his character’s, right up through the movie’s dreamlike final scene—a surreal nighttime tour of the “Grande Fratello” house that makes  it look like both an oasis and a trap.
（483）

【Time 3】

TWO CHEERS FOR THE HOUSE REPUBLICANS

Congressman Paul Ryan, Mitt Romney’s former running mate, released the House Republican budget today, which, unlike previous Ryan budgets, attempts to balance the federal books in ten years. There’s much to criticize. For starters, the math is slippery. Ryan claims to repeal all of the Affordable Care Act, but then his plan actually keeps both the new taxes from Obamacare and the revenue saved from the law’s changes to Medicare. The use of the Medicare savings—seven hundred and sixteen billion dollars—is particularly ironic because, for two consecutive elections, the Republican Party has used those cuts to attack Obama and Democrats. The new House Republican budget also keeps intact the six hundred billion dollars in new revenue from the recent fiscal-cliff deal, even though House Republicans overwhelmingly voted against that legislation and continue to oppose it (though Ryan himself voted for it).

The House budget is also getting criticized for being a rehash of defeated ideas. Despite the 2012 Presidential election results and the House G.O.P.’s diminished ranks and historic unpopularity, Ryan’s budget is little different from his last few. Didn’t the election teach Republicans anything? (Heidi Moore at the Guardian is particularly good on this point, noting how the budget is “like some sad fiscal remake of the movie Groundhog Day.”)

It’s also fair to note that House Republicans are now farther to the right than at any point in American history. Notwithstanding Obama’s mistakes in dealing with Congress—and there have been plenty—since January, 2011, when Republicans took over the House, the asymmetric polarization of Congress is at the heart of why John Boehner and Obama have failed to consummate a far-reaching fiscal agreement.
（278）

【Time 4】

And yet, House Republicans do deserve some credit. Given the constraints put on Boehner and his deputy, Eric Cantor, by the most conservative members of the G.O.P. conference, they have navigated the last few months of fiscal politics more responsibly than many would have believed.

Recall that, after Election Day, things looked dire. Washington faced, in quick succession, automatic tax hikes, automatic spending cuts, a debt-ceiling vote, and a potential government shutdown. Some House conservatives were pressuring their leadership to take advantage of each of these fiscal-crisis choke points to gain concessions from Obama. Many were keenly interested in refusing to raise the debt ceiling, which would have risked a U.S. government default and perhaps precipitated an international economic crisis. Instead, we have arrived at mid-March without any of the worst consequences we feared in late 2012.

The tax-cuts portion of the fiscal cliff was dealt with in a bipartisan fashion on New Year’s Day, after Boehner, at some personal cost, allowed a bill negotiated by the White House and the Senate to clear the House of Representatives with mostly Democratic votes. Next, and most importantly, House Republicans agreed to raise the debt ceiling, extending the government’s borrowing authority until mid-May. The spending cuts of sequestration have been triggered without any catastrophic impact yet, and there is some hope that future legislation will soften the blow they deliver to the economy and key government services. And last week, House Republicans passed a so-called Continuing Resolution to keep the government funded through September, thus removing any threat of a government shutdown.
（260）

【Time 5】

None of this has looked pretty. And from a policy perspective, both the G.O.P.’s insistence on the sequester cuts and the bipartisan, White House-approved deal to increase the payroll tax seem especially boneheaded given the tentative state of the economic recovery. But overall, instead of massive tax increases or a government shutdown or a government default, what we have, after several months of uncertainty, is a return to the crisis-free budgeting process that resembles the Schoolhouse Rock version of how legislation gets made.

Again, we can thank the House G.O.P. Republicans forced the Senate to return to the formal budget process, which the upper chamber has ignored for the last several years. (As part of the debt-ceiling agreement, Republicans cleverly wrote into law a “no budget, no pay” provision for legislators.) The Ryan budget, as flawed as it may be to liberals, was the first step in this process of normalization, and soon the House will pass his plan. Next, the White House will release its own fiscal blueprint, and some close approximation of it will make its way through the Democratic-controlled Senate. In Congress, this is known as regular order, and the process might be the vehicle for a new round of serious negotiations that could lead to, yes, a Grand Bargain. No, we’re not totally free of crisis budgeting: hovering over all of this will be that May debt-ceiling deadline.

But whatever you think of the details of the Ryan budget released today, it’s worth pausing and giving House Republicans two cheers for returning us to relative normalcy. It could’ve been a lot worse.
（268）


OBSTACLE

Is Corned Beef Really Irish?

It’s hard to think of St. Patrick’s Day without glittered shamrocks, green beer, leprechauns, and of course, corned beef and cabbage. Yet, if you went to Ireland on St. Paddy’s Day, you would not find any of these things except maybe the glittered shamrocks. To begin with, leprechauns are not jolly, friendly cereal box characters, but mischievous nasty little fellows. And, just as much as the Irish would not pollute their beer with green dye, they would not eat corned beef, especially on St. Patrick’s Day.  So why around the world, especially in the US, is corned beef and cabbage synonymous with St. Paddy’s Day?

The unpopularity of corned beef in Ireland comes from its relationship with beef in general. From early on, cattle in Ireland were not used for their meat but for their strength in the fields, for their milk and for the dairy products produced. In Gaelic Ireland, cows were a symbol of wealth and a sacred animal. Because of their sacred association, they were only killed for their meat if the cows were too old to work or produce milk. So, beef was not even a part of the diet for the majority of the population. Only the wealthy few were able to eat the meat on a celebration or festival. During these early times, the beef was “salted” to be preserved. The first salted beef in Ireland was actually not made with salt but with sea ash, the product of burning seaweed. The 12th century poem Aislinge Meic Con Glinne shows that salted beef was eaten by the kings. This poem is one of the greatest parodies in the Irish language and pokes fun at the diet of King Cathal mac Finguine, an early Irish King who has a demon of gluttony stuck in his throat.

Wheatlet, son of Milklet,
Son of juicy Bacon,
Is mine own name.
Honeyed Butter-roll
Is the man’s
That bears my bag.
Haunch of Mutton
Is my dog’s name,
Of lovely leaps.
Lard my wife,
Sweetly smiles
Across the kale-top
Cheese-curds, my daughter,
Goes around the spit,
Fair is her fame.
Corned Beef, my son,
Whose mantle shines
Over a big tail.

As the poem mentions, juicy bacon or pork was also eaten. Pigs were the most prevalent animal bred only to be eaten; from ancient times to today, it earned the reputation as the most eaten meat in Ireland.

The Irish diet and way of life stayed pretty much the same for centuries until England conquered most of the country. The British were the ones who changed the sacred cow into a commodity, fueled beef production, and introduced the potato. The British had been a beef eating culture since the invasion of the Roman armies. England had to outsource to Ireland, Scotland and eventually North America to satisfy the growing palate of their people. As Jeremy Rifkin writes in his book, Beyond Beef: The Rise and Fall of the Cattle Culture, “so beef-driven was England that it became the first nation in the world to identify with a beef symbol. From the outset of the colonial era, the “roast beef” became synonymous with the well-fed British aristocracy and middle class.”

Herds of cattle were exported by the tens of thousands each year from Ireland to England. But, the Cattle Acts of 1663 and 1667 were what fueled the Irish corned beef industry. These acts prohibited the export of live cattle to England, which drastically flooded the Irish market and lowered the cost of meat available for salted beef production. The British invented the term “corned beef” in the 17th century to describe the size of the salt crystals used to cure the meat, the size of corn kernels. After the Cattle Acts, salt was the main reason Ireland became the hub for corned beef. Ireland’s salt tax was almost 1/10 that of England’s and could import the highest quality at an inexpensive price. With the large quantities of cattle and high quality of salt, Irish corned beef was the best on the market. It didn’t take long for Ireland to be supplying Europe and the Americas with its wares. But, this corned beef was much different than what we call corned beef today. With the meat being cured with salt the size of corn kernels, the taste was much more salt than beef.

Irish corned beef had a stranglehold on the transtlantic trade routes, supplying the French and British navies and the American and French colonies. It was at such a demand that even at war with France, England allowed French ships to stop in Ireland to purchase the corned beef. From a report published by the Dublin Institute of Technology’s School of Culinary Arts and Food Technology:

Anglo-Irish landlords saw exports to France, despite the fact that England and France were at war, as a means of profiting from the Cattle Acts…During the 18th century, wars played a significant role in the growth of exports of Irish beef. These wars were mainly fought at sea and navies had a high demand for Irish salted beef for two reasons, firstly its longevity at sea and secondly its competitive price.

Ironically, the ones producing the corned beef, the Irish people, could not afford beef or corned beef for themselves. When England conquered Ireland, oppressive laws against the native Irish Catholic population began. Their land was confiscated and feudal like plantations were set up. If the Irish could afford any meat at all, salted pork or bacon was consumed. But, what the Irish really relied on was the potato.

By the end of the 18th century, the demand for Irish corned beef began to decline as the North American colonies began producing their own. Over the next 50 years, the glory days of Irish corned beef were over. By 1845, a potato blight broke out in Ireland completely destroying the food source for most of the Irish population, and The Great Famine began. Without help from the British government, the Irish people were forced to work to death, starve or immigrate. About a million people died and another million immigrated on “coffin ships” to the US. To this day, the Irish population is still less than it was before The Great Famine.

In America, the Irish were once again faced with the challenges of prejudice. To make it easier, they settled together in mainly urban areas with the largest numbers in New York City. However, they were making more money than they had in Ireland under British rule, which brings us back to corned beef. With more money for food, the Irish could afford meat for the first time. But instead of their beloved bacon, the Irish began eating beef. And, the beef they could afford just happened to be corned beef, the thing their great grandparents were famous for.

Yet, the corned beef the Irish immigrants ate was much different than that produced in Ireland 200 years prior. The Irish immigrants almost solely bought their meat from kosher butchers. And what we think of today as Irish corned beef is actually Jewish corned beef thrown into a pot with cabbage and potatoes. The Jewish population in New York City at the time were relatively new immigrants from Eastern and Central Europe. The corned beef they made was from brisket, a kosher cut of meat from the front of the cow. Since brisket is a tougher cut, the salting and cooking processes transformed the meat into the extremely tender, flavorful corned beef we know of today.

The Irish may have been drawn to settling near Jewish neighborhoods and shopping at Jewish butchers because their cultures had many parallels. Both groups were scattered across the globe to escape oppression, had a sacred lost homeland, discriminated against in the US, and had a love for the arts.  There was an understanding between the two groups, which was a comfort to the newly arriving immigrants. This relationship can be seen in Irish, Irish-American and Jewish-American folklore. It is not a coincidence that James Joyce made the main character of his masterpiece Ulysses, Leopold Bloom, a man born to Jewish and Irish parents. And, as the two Tin Pan Alley songwriters, William Jerome and Jean Schwartz write in their 1912 song, If It Wasn’t for the Irish and the Jews,

On St. Patrick’s Day, Rosinsky pins a shamrock on his coat
There’s a sympathetic feeling between the Blooms and MacAdoos.

The Irish Americans transformed St.Patrick’s Day from a religious feast day to a celebration of their heritage and homeland. With the celebration, came a celebratory meal. In honor of their culture, the immigrants splurged on their neighbor’s flavorful corned beef, which was accompanied by their beloved potato and the most affordable vegetable, cabbage.  It didn’t take long for corned beef and cabbage to become associated with St. Patrick’s Day. Maybe it was on Lincoln’s mind when he chose the menu for his first Inaugural Luncheon March 4, 1861, which was corned beef, cabbage and potatoes.

The popularity of corned beef and cabbage never crossed the Atlantic to the homeland. Instead of corned beef and cabbage, the traditional St. Patrick’s Day meal eaten in Ireland is lamb or bacon. In fact, many of what we consider St. Patrick’s Day celebrations didn’t make it there until recently. St. Patrick’s Day parades and festivals began in the US.  And, until 1970, pubs were closed by law in Ireland on St. Patrick’s Day. It was originally a day about religion and family. Today in Ireland, thanks to Irish tourism and Guinness, you will find many of the Irish American traditions.

Lastly, if you are looking for a connection to the home country this holiday, there are many other ways to be authentic. Start by calling it St. Patrick’s Day or St. Paddy’s Day. Patty is a girl’s name in Ireland and Paddy is the proper nickname for Patrick. You don’t want to be the Patty in the pub.
（1660）

枣糕兔

占座~明天来交作业！

——————————————————————作业的分割线————————————————————————

Speed
02'56
03'39
01'57
01'52
01'57

Obstacle
10'18

Main idea: The whole story about the Sir Patrick Day tradition: what we eat and why

Structure:
>>>Introduction: Today when coming to the Sir Patrick Day, people do certain things to celebrate or honour the tradition. And brief introduction about the specific tradition.
>>>History: The corned beef came originally from the Irish land. There was a time when cows were treated as a symbol of wealth and productivity, therefore normal people didn't get to taste beef except the men of highest ground.
                        Then the war began. Irish people could use tasty and competitive corned beef to trade and make a living. The British and French loved it for both reasons.But the Irish people didn't diet on corned beef because they couldn't afford it.
                        The next thing came was the Big Famine, which caused hundreds of Irish people their livies and forever reduced their population. The Irish dieted on potatos.
                        ....etc, can't seem to remember.
>>>Today's tradition: What do people do on this specific day.
                                           addy's day, not "atty". You don' want to get it wrong in a pub.

newlife925

4；03

3；08
1；51
1‘44’
1‘30
10’07
病病了，看得我快要睡着了，状态很不好。好在坚持下来了

spencerX

杀G成功了？祝贺啊~~~

今天的越障好有意思，很喜欢哟~~

0:02:33
0:02:59
0:01:46
0:02:06
0:01:38

0:09:43

xmy1026

谢谢LZ~
2:43
the summary/outline of Sally potter's Ginger and Rosa that is an impressionistic tale happened in World War II.
2:34
Gomorrah (2008) and  Reality both won the Grand Prix at Cannes.
the outline of the Reality. the Arena's back story is similar to the story told.
1:58
Congressman release the House Republican budget that leads to criticize. first, the math is bad. second, the change of defeated idea. We can see that the republicans are farther to the right that any time in the history.
1:40
The house republicans make some contributions. They avoid some dire consequences in economics and protect government from shutting down
1:33
We should thank house republicans for returning the formal budget progress and for economic recovery.
8:59 越障又来了。。抓不住重点啊。。
The history\origin of corned beef in Irish and relation with St.Patrick’s Day

448406078

1-414-2'20''
A story about two girls.

2-483-3'20''
G's two work both won prices.about A's incredible real life.

3-278-1'45''
American new fiscal budget, a little different from the previous years.

4-260-2'00''

5-268-1'57''
Thanks for budget release.

1660-9'50''
Corned beef.
origin of corned beef: at first it was not eaten by everyone. then most of people eat it
corned beef and I's economic.
corned beef in today.

wangziann

本来以为只有科技文是硬伤，现在文史哲也让我跪了，SUMMARY写不出来，等一下再精读一遍吧
1-2:53-414
2-2:50-483
3-2-09-278
4-2:28-260
5-2:24-268
6-11:11-1660

vividlai

1-1'52
something about the film Cold War


2-1'44
总结不出来啊。。文史哲一生黑


3-1'24
the newly released budeget is criticized by a lot of people


4-1'23


5-1'14
something the White House will do


obstacle
6'00
some history about corn beef in I, people their seldom ate beef in the past, which prevailed at that time was pork第一段：some traditional culture on St P day but in Ireland we may only find gs
二：only wealthy people in Ireland ate beef in the past, the beef at that time was preseved by salt.
诗歌果断跳过！
三：pork is popular in Ireland
四：he lifestyle in Ireland remains the same Before the invasion of Roman armies, British usually ate beef
五：the cattle act prohibit export of cattle to other countries and salt was the key problem to corned beef
六：the corned meat could be kept for a long time so it was welcomed by the navy, it had a large market on export
七：the Irish could not afford corned beef, they relied on potatoes
八：The colonies were able to produce corned beef themselves
九：Irish could afford corned beef
十：the corned beef Irish immigrants ate was much different than that produced
十一：I and J's culture had a lot in common
十二：Irish celebrate St P Day for their heritage and homeland
十三：many Irish American's tradition can be found now
十四：

vividlai

发重复了编辑掉

kimwang53

1-414-2'14    something happened during World War Ⅱ

2-483-3'07    The man acted very well. He acted before he went to the prison.

3-278-1'51    Rayn find somethig that aginst Obama.

4-260-1'34    nothing

5-268-1'43    ..    

6-1660-12'42    ..

各种迷糊了，再精读一边。