【每日阅读训练第四期——速度越障13系列】【13-18】文史哲

映雪瑶渊

WAHAHA~~~
今天的文章很贴心哦，放假了嘛，大家还要学习，值得表扬！
文章绝对是从简单到难，内容嘛，速度一定会吸引你，而越障自然还是符合GMAT风格，加油哦亲们~

【速度】
[TIME 1]
A SURVEY by a matrimonial website has sparked online debate about who should control the finances at home, with a good majority of women insisting that men should "hand in" their salaries after marriage.
Baihe.com interviewed over 50,000 youngsters, mainly those born after 1980.
It found that about 53.2 percent of women want men to give them their salary cards to run the house with only 17.9 percent men agreeing with that.
On the other hand, nearly 30 percent of male respondents said they needed the economic freedom at home and would not hand over their monthly pay.
The survey also revealed that about 34.3 percent of women - as against 25.6 percent men - were willing to stash away some money for their personal use. Not surprisingly, nearly 80 percent women said they wanted their husbands to be earning double than them. About 18 percent wished that figure to be three times more.
Also, many didn't want their partners to work in the entertainment business. Freelancers, flight attendants and tour guides were other fields of work that had few supporters.
Weibo.com was abuzz after the release of the survey.
"I think husbands should volunteer to hand in their salary cards so they don't spend it unwisely or support mistresses," said a netizen named Nancy.
Another said it was impossible for him to live with only 500 yuan as monthly expenses.
"So they want their husbands to earn three times more than them and give them all the money? No wonder many of them are still single," wrote a netizen named Zhen Qiang.
[263]

[TIME 2]
Coughs take longer to clear up than people think

Coughs usually take longer to clear up than people think, and the gap between how long people expect them to last and how long it actually takes may drive some patients to the doctor for antibiotics that won't help, according to a U.S. study.
Researchers in the U.S. state of Georgia wrote in the Annals of Family Medicine that survey respondents tended to expect their cough to be gone in about a week, but a review of cough studies shows the hacking takes about three weeks to clear up.
The team, led by Mark Ebell from the University of Georgia in Athens, said they were concerned that patients' unrealistic expectations could lead them to ask doctors for antibiotics that won't speed their recovery, but will fuel drug resistance, cost money and increase the risk of side effects.
"Efforts to reduce inappropriate antibiotic use should target this discrepancy, " the authors wrote, referring to unrealistic patient expectations.
"We're not trying to discourage people from getting care if they feel they need it, but at the same time we want to give them the confidence to give themselves care in situations when it's appropriate, " said Ebell.
For the study, Ebell and his colleagues did a telephone survey of 493 adults in George about how long they'd expect a cough to last based on a hypothetical situation: if they had a 100.5 degree Fahrenheit (38 degree Celsius) fever and were bringing up yellow mucous.
[242]

[TIME3]
Overall, people said they'd expect the cough to take between 7 and 9 days to clear up.
The team then reviewed 19 previous studies on severe coughs that recorded how long the condition actually lasted. In those studies, it took a cough — on average — 17.8 days to subside.
"I think it is important to understand that if you do get a cough you're probably going to be coughing for about three weeks, " said Jeffrey Linder, who was not involved in the study but has done similar research.
"Also, there is evidence out there that getting an antibiotic at any point in the course is not going to make it shorter, " added Linder, an associate professor at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School in Boston.
According to the researchers, about 50 percent of patients with an acute cough in 2006 were prescribed an antibiotic. But most respiratory infections are caused by viruses, while antibiotics only affect bacteria.
Ebell said that patients should call their doctors if they bring up blood when they cough or are short of breath, while Linder said they should also do so if their cough lasts longer than a month or gets worse.
There are over-the-counter things I recommend to people to feel better, but the main treatment is time, " he said.
[222]

[TIME 4]
40 Years Later, US Abortion Opinions Remain Passionate

It's been 40 years since the U.S. Supreme Court legalized abortion, but the controversy over the practice is as fierce as ever.
To Jody Duffy, abortion is personal. As a young army officer, she was date raped. She had an abortion.
Now, 30 years later, she carries a sign that reads: "I regret my abortion."
"I will never judge somebody and won't put my finger in someone's face. I just want people to be aware of the fact that you cannot walk into an abortion clinic one day and think that you're going to walk out and be the same person as when you walked in," she said.
Duffy is on one side of the passionate debate. Yasemin Ayarci is on the other.
“What we want to do is lower the rates of abortions. We want to join them in that fight. But we want to do it through more rational means with sex education and birth control access," said Ayarci.
This is the 40th anniversary of the Supreme Court decision that legalized abortion - known as Roe vs. Wade. Each year, tens of thousands make a "right to life" march to the high court.
Young Americans, like Kristan Hawkins, were born after the landmark decision.
“This generation, my generation, those of us who survived legal abortion, we’re a pro-life generation,” said Hawkins.
But the pro-life arguments run counter to a recent NBC-Wall Street Journal survey that shows 70 percent of Americans do not want the right to abortion overturned.
Father Frank Pavone leads the anti-abortion group Priests for Life.
“We have very powerful forces in America to shape public opinion and defend the abortion industry - Planned Parenthood, for example - very well-funded organizations, much of the funding coming from the government itself, that have created public perception that this is a responsible activity,” he said.
Marcia Greenberger is an attorney specializing in women's law. She said the issue is political.
“Nothing is ever secure forever, and because a determined minority and pretty quiet complacent majority, there have been people put on our federal courts who are bound and determined to limit, or even overturn, Roe v. Wade," said Greenberger.
Some of those judges are here at the Supreme Court. But there is no immediate plan to review Roe vs. Wade.
[389]

[TIME 5]
Most of What You Think You Know About Grammar is Wrong

You’ve probably heard the old story about the pedant who dared to tinker with Winston Churchill’s writing because the great man had ended a sentence with a preposition. Churchill’s scribbled response: “This is the sort of English up with which I will not put.”
It’s a great story, but it’s a myth. And so is that so-called grammar rule about ending sentences with prepositions. If that previous sentence bugs you, by the way, you’ve bought into another myth. No, there’s nothing wrong with starting a sentence with a conjunction, either. But perhaps the biggest grammar myth of all is the infamous taboo against splitting an infinitive, as in “to boldly go.” The truth is that you can’t split an infinitive: Since “to” isn’t part of the infinitive, there’s nothing to split. Great writers—including Chaucer, Shakespeare, Donne and Wordsworth—have been inserting adverbs between “to” and infinitives since the 1200s.

Where did these phony rules originate, and why do they persist?
For some of them, we can blame misguided Latinists who tried to impose the rules of their favorite language on English. Anglican bishop Robert Lowth popularized the prohibition against ending a sentence with a preposition in his 1762 book, A Short Introduction to English Grammar; while Henry Alford, a dean of Canterbury Cathedral, was principally responsible for the infinitive taboo, with his publication of A Plea for the Queen’s English in 1864.
In Latin, sentences don’t end in prepositions, and an infinitive is one word that can’t be divided. But in a Germanic language like English, as linguists have pointed out, it’s perfectly normal to end a sentence with a preposition and has been since Anglo-Saxon times. And in English, an infinitive is also one word. The “to” is merely a prepositional marker. That’s why it’s so natural to let English adverbs fall where they may, sometimes between “to” and a verb.
[359]

【余下部分不计时】
We can’t blame Latinists, however, for the false prohibition against beginning a sentence with a conjunction, since the Romans did it too (Et tu, Brute?). The linguist Arnold Zwicky has speculated that well-meaning English teachers may have come up with this one to break students of incessantly starting every sentence with “and.” The truth is that conjunctions are legitimately used to join words, phrases, clauses, sentences—and even paragraphs.
Perhaps these “rules” persist because they are so easy to remember, and the “errors” are so easy to spot. Ironically, this is a case where the clueless guy who’s never heard of a preposition or a conjunction or an infinitive is more likely to be right.
As bloggers at Grammarphobia.com and former New York Times editors, we’ve seen otherwise reasonable, highly educated people turn their writing upside down to sidestep imaginary errors. There’s a simple test that usually exposes a phony rule of grammar: If it makes your English stilted and unnatural, it’s probably a fraud.
We can’t end this without mentioning Raymond Chandler’s response when a copy editor at the Atlantic Monthly decided to “fix” his hard-boiled prose: “When I split an infinitive, God damn it, I split it so it will remain split.”
【229】

【越障】
The Psychology Behind Superhero Origin Stories

“Why is every superhero movie an origin story?” complained Entertainment Weekly film critic Adam Markovitz after seeing a trailer for this summer’s Man of Steel—yet another version of the 75-year-old Superman saga. Perhaps we love origin stories, Markovitz suggested, because they “show the exact moment when a normal guy goes from being Just Like Us to being somehow better, faster, stronger.”

I’m inclined to disagree. As a clinical psychologist who has written books about the psychology of superheroes, I think origin stories show us not how to become super but how to be heroes, choosing altruism over the pursuit of wealth and power. I’ve learned this through hundreds of conversations at comic book conventions, where fans have been remarkably candid about their lives and the inspiration they draw from superhero stories.

In one form or another the superhero origin story has been around for millennia: A hero battles “supernatural” forces and returns home “from this mysterious adventure with the power to bestow boons on his fellow man,” as the mythologist Joseph Campbell wrote.

In my surveys of the genre, I’ve found that superheroes undergo three types of life-altering experiences that we can relate to.

The first is trauma, which lies at the heart of Batman’s origin story, in which Bruce Wayne dedicates himself to fighting crime after seeing his parents murdered. In real life, many people experience “stress-induced growth” after a trauma and resolve to help others, even becoming social activists.

The second life-altering force is destiny. Consider Buffy the Vampire Slayer, about a normal teenager who discovers she’s the “Chosen One”—endowed with supernatural powers to fight demons. Buffy is reluctant to accept her destiny, yet she throws herself into her new job. Many of us identify with Buffy’s challenge (minus the vampires) of assuming a great responsibility that compels her to grow up sooner than she wants to.

Lastly, there’s sheer chance, which transformed a young Spider-Man, who was using his power for selfish purposes until his beloved uncle was murdered by a street thug. Spider-Man’s heroism is an example of how random adverse events cause many of us to take stock of our lives and choose a different path.

At their best, superhero origin stories inspire us and provide models of coping with adversity, finding meaning in loss and trauma, discovering our strengths and using them for good purpose. (Wearing a cape or tights is optional.)

Comic book writers could have chosen not to endow their characters with origin stories. (In fact, Batman’s back story wasn’t published until the comic’s seventh installment.) But those writers were keen observers of human nature. And they were able to translate those observations into captivating stories reflecting aspects of psychology that were confirmed by researchers decades later. In doing so, they tap into our capacity for empathy, one of the greatest powers of all.
[512]

ssk3666

速度
1 01:42
2 01:31
3 01:38
4 02:52
5 02:29
不计时
6 01:14
越障
7 04:02
Meaning of superhero stories -- help people find different path and do some good things for others.
争取每天都来练习下。。。

fpd

感谢雪爷的文章。
2:00
1:48
1:22
3:06
2:54


obstacles：
4:51

one people say the oorigin of the superhero is we audience want to see how a man like us grows to be stronger ans faster.
writer disinclines to that.
what makes a superhero.
1.2.3 bulabulabula.

kudoucliff

（1）1:40，An investigation is launched to survey both women's and men's opinion on whether men should hand in salary to their partner. More than half of women vote for the affirmative answer while the majority of men vote against it. Women want men to earn twice or even three times as they did. However, men hold a different opinion.
（2）1:20，The primary purpose of the passage is to suggest people use antibiotic carefully when there is gap between their expectation of period needed to recover from cough and the real time used to recover. Many people were driven to doctors when such gap exists. However, the usage of antibiotic will not accelerate the recovery process; instead, it has side effect as well as triggers drug resistance. The doctors don't mean to discourage people to find a doctor when they feel they need care. A research is launched to investigate people's opinion on their expectation of recovery needed from cough.
（3）0:54，The investigation shows that most people expect that they will recover from cough in 8 to 9 days; however, they actually need 17.8 days to recover. Using antibiotic will not help shorten the period, because it deals with bacteria while cough is usually caused by virus. People are better to see doctors after coughing for a month; the best treatment is time.
（4）2:12，The primary purpose of the passage is to dictate how people fight against the discrimination of abortion. Although legislation has been proposed to protect people who experienced abortion, many people still
don't treat abortion generally. A group want to shape the public opinion by sex education.
（5）2:08，The primary purpose of the passage is to discuss whether a sentence can be ended up with preposition and whether it is proper to split an infinitive with an adverb.
（6）3:26，The primary purpose of the passage is to explore the psychological rationale why people love original hero stories and develop how normal people become hero. An opinion is held that people love original hero stories because they see how people like themselves become stronger. Another one is claimed that people love hero rather than super. There are three causes of people turning into heroes: taumar, destiny and sheer chances. The author uses examples such as the Bat Man, a girl, and the Spider man to illustrate the three causes. Finally the author suggests people love their life.

kudoucliff

今天的越障好短呀，读起来好爽，层次又清晰，很像托福文章，哈哈，赞！

修一一

1'30
1'32
1'10
1'59
1'54

2'54   终于等到了一天你的帖子。越障好有意思的说！

果果henan

1‘09
1’07
0‘57
1’46
1‘37

2’46

fifiwong

1.(01'55'')a survey reveals that large proportion of women hope that their husband could earn more and think that husbands should hand in their salary for supporting family;on the other hand, men want to have economic freedom;some people think that it is no wonder that so many people who have these ideas are still single...
2.(02'35'')coughs take longer to clear up than people expect; patients unrealistic expectation about the recovery time could bring some bad impacts on themselves
3.(01'55'')patients expect to be recovered from cough within 7 to 9 days, but actually it takes 17.9 days on average;some researchers point out that taking the antibiotic cannot make the recovery time shorter;to feel better,the main treatment is time...
4.(03'06'')it has been 40 years since US legalized abortion but the controversy over the practice is still fierce as ever.
5.(02'42'')a grammer myth about ending the sentence with preposition;adding adverbs between "to" and a verb is not wrong;when did these rules originate and why do they persist...
obstacle(04'40'')
main idea:the psychology behind superhero origin stories
structure:
question:why is every superhero movie an oringin story?
the author disagree with the idea that "a normal guy just like us is becoming better,stronger and faster"
==>the author think that origin stories show us not how to become super but how to be heroes
in the survey the author found that superheroes' three life-altering experiences that we can relate to
==>1.trauma-->batman's story
==>2.destiny-->buffy
==>3.sheer chance-->spider man
superhero origin stories inspire us and provide models of dealing with difficulties...
comic book writers are keen observers of human nature,they were able to translate those observations into stories reflecting psychology...

ElenW

SPEED
TIME1(2:19)
TIME2(1:23)
TIME3(0:56)
TIME4(1:32)
TIME5(1:57)
OBSTACLE(2:56)

xueluanfei

1.1'46 over half of the married women hope their partner hand in their incomes. In a family, men generally earn three times more than women. But most of the men think they need to keep econimic independence.
2.1'23 cough need to take as long as three weeks to recover, much long than people's one-week expectation.
3.1'18 people need to understand that taking extra antibiotic cannot shorter the caugh...Since the antibiotic works on bacteria while most of the caugh caused by virus.
4.2'50 people try to decrease the rate of abortation through virous means
5.2'08 Latin language put a lot of rules on English language. Such as you cannot end a scentence with a preposition or you cannot split a infinitive. But actually English itself doesn't have so many rules.
5.5 1'32 sometimes rules persist because they are so easy to remember and erros are so easy to spot.
obstacle:3'49
why superhero stories inspire people? three ways: 1 is trauma. sometimes trauma will make a man grown up suddenly. 2 is resposibility and destiny. If someone knows that hes is the selected one, he will try his best to fulfull the resposibility. 3 is chance. Someone may be given a special chance and he will have some superpower. This can also inspire people to descover their strength.