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[阅读小分队] 【每日阅读训练第四期——速度越障3系列】【3-08】文史哲

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发表于 2012-6-17 20:56:56 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
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Lucille Ball Was The Funniest Woman on TV
计时1


MARY TILLOTSON: This is Mary Tillotson.


STEVE EMBER: And this is Steve Ember with the VOA Special English Program PEOPLE IN AMERICA. Today, we tell about the much-loved performer Lucille Ball. Her famous television series, "I Love Lucy," was first broadcast in nineteen fifty-one.


MARY TILLOTSON: The "I Love Lucy" show was a huge success. It was the most popular television show of the nineteen fifties. The kind of television program Miz Ball helped develop is called a situation comedy. Some television experts give her credit for inventing this kind of series. Today, some of the most popular television programs in America are situation comedies.


Lucille BallSTEVE EMBER: One reason for the great popularity of "I Love Lucy" may have been its real-life connection with Miz Ball's family. On the show, she was Lucy, the wife of Ricky Ricardo, a Cuban musician. Ricky was played by band leader Desi Arnaz, who was Lucille Ball's husband in real life. The show combined issues common to the life of married people living in the city with musical performances and comic theater.


Often, a show would include a part with Mister Arnaz acting seriously while Miz Ball added a funny element. In the following piece, Mister Arnaz tries to sing normally and Miz Ball adds the comedy.
【214】
计时2
MARY TILLOTSON: Also on the "I Love Lucy" show were Vivian Vance and William Frawley. Miz Vance played Ethel Mertz and Mister Frawley played Ethel's husband, Fred Mertz. On the show, the Mertzes were friends of the Ricardos and owned the building in which they all lived.


Fred Mertz loved baseball, which was America's most popular sport at the time. "I Love Lucy" often showed Fred Mertz intensely watching baseball or some other sport like boxing while Ethel added her own funny comments.


STEVE EMBER: A well-known story about the "I Love Lucy Show" concerns the birth of the Arnaz's son, Desi Junior. Officials of the broadcasting company wondered what to do when Miz Ball became pregnant in nineteen fifty-two. Miz Ball explains that her husband, Desi, came up with a solution.


MARY TILLOTSON: Miz Ball's pregnancy was made part of the show. In fact, critics say the show in which Lucy Ricardo tells Ricky that she is pregnant is one of the best. In it, Lucy goes to the entertainment place where Ricky's band is playing to tell him that they are going to have a baby. Ricky suddenly understands that he is going to be a father after Lucy secretly requests the song, "We're Having a Baby."
MARY TILLOTSON: Miz Ball gave birth to her second child on the same day that Lucy Ricardo gave birth. In fact, Desi Junior's birth date was planned to happen on the same day as the broadcast.
【245】
计时3
The show in which Lucy gave birth was one of the most popular television programs ever broadcast in America. In fact, the story is that Desi Junior's birth replaced reports about Dwight Eisenhower's first presidential ceremony on the front pages of America's newspapers.


STEVE EMBER: The success of the "I Love Lucy" show did not come early in Lucille Ball's life, or easily. Instead, it was the result of years of hard work.


Miz Ball was born near Jamestown, New York, in nineteen eleven. She tried to get into show business at an early age. Early on, she went to the same acting school as the famous actress Bette Davis. However, she left when she was told that she did not have enough acting ability.


In the early nineteen thirties, she moved to Hollywood. She appeared in a number of movies, but was not well known.


MARY TILLOTSON: In nineteen forty, she met the leader of a musical group who had been born in Cuba. His full name was Desiderio Alberto Arnaz de Acha the Third. They worked together in a movie and married soon after they met. For the next ten years, she appeared in movies and on radio. He traveled a lot with his band.
【207】
计时4
In nineteen fifty, the broadcasting company, CBS, decided to make a television program based on the radio show, "My Favorite Husband." Lucille Ball was the star of the radio show. She wanted Mister Arnaz to play the part of her husband on the television show. CBS rejected the idea. But she refused to give up. She and Desi traveled around the country performing in a show together to prove that they would do well on television. Their show was a success. CBS offered them both jobs.


STEVE EMBER: Miz Ball had another demand. She wanted her show to be a production of the best quality. Early television pictures were not of good quality. Miz Ball wanted her program to be filmed, which would improve the picture, and then broadcast later. Yet she wanted people to watch the program as it was being filmed so the sound of their reactions could be captured.


Miz Ball also wanted to film the shows in Hollywood.  CBS did not want the extra costs. So, Miz Ball and Mister Arnaz agreed to work for less pay. In exchange, CBS let them own the program. That agreement made them owners of what would become one of the most successful programs on television.


MARY TILLOTSON: During the fifties, Miz Ball won almost every honor there was for television actors including several Emmy Awards. Yet, even the most popular performers could not escape the political realities of the time. Conservative lawmakers accused Lucille Ball of being a communist. The Federal Bureau of Investigation kept a secret record of information about her, just as it did about many Hollywood actors at the time.
【274】
计时5
STEVE EMBER: Mister Arnaz supervised their company, Desilu Productions. The company produced sixteen different television programs and ran three production centers, called studios.


In nineteen sixty, Lucille Ball and Mister Arnaz legally ended their marriage. Mister Arnaz sold his part of the company to his ex-wife.  Miz Ball became the first woman to head a major production company. It was one of the biggest in Hollywood.


Miz Ball also was the star of several other shows of her own.  "The Lucy Show" was broadcast from nineteen sixty-two to nineteen sixty-eight.  "Here's Lucy" followed until nineteen seventy-four.  Miz Ball later sold her production company to Paramount Studios.


MARY TILLOTSON: "I Love Lucy" showed Miz Ball at her best. Mister Arnaz added something that was unusual for American television at the time. Many of the songs on the show were in Spanish. One song, "Babalu," is popularly connected with "I Love Lucy". Its words are Spanish and its sound is Latin American. It is this mixture along with the excellent performances that made the show special.


STEVE EMBER: Miz Ball died in nineteen eighty-nine after a heart operation. Yet, she still makes people laugh. Her programs are rebroadcast on television and there are hundreds of Internet sites about her. After all these years, everyone still loves Lucy. 【215】


越障
The End of the Globalization Debate: A Review Essay
BOOK REVIEW BY ROBERT HOWSE    


Already by the end of the Cold War, the old struggle between right and left over the governance of the economy and the redistribution of wealth within the advanced liberal democracies had yielded to a new pro-market consensus. The center-left embraced many of the center-right critiques of the postwar regulatory and welfare state as inefficient, wasteful, and dependency- inducing, and sought to pursue traditional progressive values through a more economically liberal (in the sense of pro–free market) approach to governance of the economy. The discontents with these tendencies, mostly from the traditional left but not entirely, coalesced as a new counterculture, the antiglobalization movement. And there thus arose a great and intense debate about whether globalization was good or bad, inevitable or resistible, in relation to the ideal of the sovereign, progressive, democratic nation-state.


This debate, I argue, is over, above all because the antiglobalizers have themselves gone global. In various sites of global law and policymaking, including those at the interstices of the global and local, they actually have found processes and institutions through which, unlike the case with the state in many instances, they can air their criticisms and express their values as global values. There is no longer an antiglobalization “side” in the debate, coherently representing the position that the territorial nation-state should remain the locus of control over economic activity and should retain a monopoly on legitimate governance. Today the protesters who march against globalization are not marching in favor of the state. Instead, they are mostly advocating a set of values and causes that transcend state boundaries and that require global action.


Each of the works under review here contributes in a distinctive and significant way to understanding the end of the globalization debate. Jagdish Bhagwati, in In Defense of Globalization, displays a number of aspects in which the globalization debate has ended. While explicitly framing his argument as a defense of globalization, Bhagwati ends up arguing forcefully against several crucial elements of globalization, including the liberalization of short-term capital controls and the harmonization of intellectual property rights in the WTO. At the same time, he defends equally forcefully other elements, especially trade liberalization. Ultimately, Bhagwati’s analysis reveals that the real debate has shifted to the complex effects of different aspects of globalization.


Joseph Stiglitz and Saskia Sassen are theorists who decisively move our understanding beyond that of the old globalization debate. While Bhagwati usually displays an optimistic faith that political and economic rationality can ensure the achievement of “globalization with a human face,” Stiglitz is mindful of the puzzles and limits of rationality in economics and policy, and thus sees a need for innovative solutions that may challenge conventional economic wisdom. The very title of Stiglitz’s book, Making Globalization Work, takes us beyond the usual framing of the debate as globalization versus antiglobalization. Stiglitz illustrates how many of the problems with global economic liberalism identified by the antiglobalizers — such as environmental commons issues, the democratic deficit, and weak and corrupt states — require solutions at the global level through innovative mechanisms of global governance.


Sassen, in Territory, Authority, Rights, explains how the state itself has been transformed, in part by globalization itself, such that it is intrinsically more hospitable to pro-globalization forces. In this sense, one can no longer conceive of the state as the adversary of globalization or the repository of a legitimate counter-perspective. At the same time, Sassen also shows how activists representing values often understood as “antiglobalization” move between the local and the global, often operating through global networks and interpenetrating global sites of power, decision, and deliberation.


Rawi Abdelal supplies a valuable historical perspective. He explains that the liberalization of capital markets emerged not from a conspiracy of global financiers or the hegemony of Wall Street, but from a turn towards liberal economics by the French Socialists under François Mitterrand. The shift was based in part on the view that resisting global markets was impossible or too costly — one could not effectively operate the progressive social democratic state against the forces of globalization.
【673】
发表于 2012-6-17 22:11:36 | 显示全部楼层
哇~占sf要看猿粪啊猿粪!!!
---------------
速度:
1'14    1'36    1'30    1'05    1'17
越障:7'29
(越障实在是太巧了,今天早上正好还在复习International Business的Globalization那个Chapter,下午做小分队就看到时评文,内容都好切合!真好啊~谢谢Threesu)
Main idea:
The author contend that the globalization debate is over, since the antiglobalization "side" itself takes the action of globalization.
Structure:
*After the Cold war, globalization debate is a hot topic. Antiglobalization appears, opposing against environment issue, great gap between the rich and poor coutries, and the liberty of the less developed coutries, and so on.
*But the author demonstrates that the debate has already been over by presenting the assertions of several theorists.
-an optimistic faith that political and economic rationality can ensure the achievement of globalization
-many of the problems that antiglobalization advocaters mentioned above require solutions at the global level through innovative mechanisms of global governance.
*Globalization can readily provide infos.(not sure???)
*Globalization market is important in business field, avoiding playing games int the global market will either impossible or cost to much.
(哈~跟大家分享一个也是在课本上看到的,在分析globalization的political system的terminology interpretation。
communism-socialism can only be achieved through violent revolution and totalitarian dictatorship.(early 20th century)
communit totalitarian-found in states where communist party monopolizes power.
中国的孩子,大家懂得~)
发表于 2012-6-17 22:53:31 | 显示全部楼层
1 1‘18“
2 1’32”
3 1'13"
4 1'54"
5 1'14"

越障
5‘30“
After the coldwar, a debate about whether globlisation is good or not rose and was ended then because there was not any advocate of antigloblisation. Several kinds of the ternimation are explained.
发表于 2012-6-18 01:07:56 | 显示全部楼层
48'
1:11
45'
1:19
58'

3:23
After cold war, globalisation debate.
For those who against g, they already conceived from the very beginning.
Opoins from two researcher.
发表于 2012-6-18 08:39:27 | 显示全部楼层
速度:33''  45''  34''  45''  32''


越障:7'06''
MI: globalization

Intro: after cold war, discord among different political/ideological groups decreased. but there's a discord on globalization.


Author's opinion: that discord is over. because even the antiglobalizationers themselves act globally.
According to B, the real issue is the effect of various aspects of globalization. (not the globalization itself)


Compare and contrast:
Philosopher B JS (Stigliz) SS
Idea on national rationalization in response to globalizationrationalization provides a nation with "human face"argues for global governance state itself is going global



According to RA: globalization is in accordance with liberal capital market.
The cause for the emergence of liberal capital market: not the conspiracy of Wall Street, as people thought, but rooted from the idea of a French Socialist FM.
发表于 2012-6-18 08:44:29 | 显示全部楼层
先占。。。
发表于 2012-6-18 09:10:50 | 显示全部楼层
1'00 "I love Lucy" show was a huge success which is helped develop the situation comedy. The show was played by the real couple. It combined issues common to the life of married people.
1'18  The well-known story about show is the real pregnant of Miz Ball's and they played it in the show, the birth date of the child is the same in the real life and the show.
1'02 The show was the result of years of hard work. Miz Ball was thought no acting ability at first. She appeared in movies and on radio a lot after she married her husband.
1'25 They traveled around the country performing in a show together to prove that they would do well so that CBS offered them both jobs. The agreed to work for less pay but want more extra costs on the show which made the show become one of the most successful programs on television.
They owned a lot of honor and awards.
1'02 The divorced and Arnaz sold his part of the company to Ball. The company is was the biggest in Hollywood. People still loves "Lucy"

越障:
5‘01 By the end of the Cold War, there arose a debate abouth wheter globaliztion was good or not. now the author think the debate is over.
Provide supporing ideas: the protesters express based on global values, trade liberalization, illustrates the problemw with global economic liberalism
The "antiglobalization" move between the local and the global
A valuable historical perspective, the liberalization of capital markets emerged from a turn towards liberal economics
发表于 2012-6-18 15:38:20 | 显示全部楼层
占位占位~
速度:
1:05;
1:10;
00:45;
1:10;
1:05.
I LOVE LUCY是一部情景喜剧,在美国的电视节目中它取得了很大成功,因为里面的人物在现实中是真实的关系,同时有音乐剧元素,很多有趣的情节;
FM很喜欢棒球,这有时代背景因为那一段时间棒球风靡,他也会看看其他的运动比如拳击。lucy怀孕后通过乐队和一首歌向丈夫表达了有了孩子的事情;
这部情景剧最流行的部分是Lucy怀孕并生孩子;
扮演lucy的演员MB演艺路很坎坷,成功来自于勤奋的努力,她早年上过表演学校后被退学,进入好莱坞演过电影但不出名,在古巴遇见丈夫,是个在全世界玩乐队的;
CBS一开始拒绝夫妇二人同台演出,但是这个想法成功了,他们都有了在CBS的工作,后来为了演电影,又自动降低薪水,后来拥有了自己的电视节目并且获得了艾美奖,但是仍逃不开政治问题,MB是一个共产党人,她在FBI的档案都是被秘密记录的;
MB和丈夫离婚,拥有了自己的公司,是一家在好莱坞最大的公司,后来也参与了一些show,最后把公司卖掉。这部I LOVE LUCY是不寻常的,里面有大量西班牙语的歌曲,混合着拉美风的卓越表演;
MB在1989死于心脏手术,她一直带给人们快乐,直到今天,她的节目仍被反复播出,这么多年了,每个人都仍爱着LUCY。
越障:5:40;
关于是否要全球化的辩论已经结束;因为反对者们自身已经被全球化了。
举了一些例子,随着全球性的法令规定出台~~~
有JB的观点;JS和SS的理论观点;具体没记住,大体意思应该是要把着重点放在由于全球化的各种复杂因素带来的各种影响上;
有一些关于自由民主独立的观点,是由反对者持有的,但实际上,每个国家都卷入了全球化;
最后RB的观点,提供一个很有价值的历史意义的方面,资本的自由化的出现不再是华尔街的霸权或者一些人的阴谋,而是一个法国社会学家的观点。
这个转变是基于抵制全球市场已经是不可能的或者成本太高了。
发表于 2012-6-18 17:06:06 | 显示全部楼层
baby的读速快上400wpm了 我的天~
发表于 2012-6-18 20:01:42 | 显示全部楼层
1.28
1.31
1.17
1.54
1.06
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