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泾渭不凡

V-ing 的非谓语动词用法: 动名词和现在分词的区别
V-ing 在英语中可以看作是动名词和现在分词,它们都可以用作非谓语动词,在句中可以充当一定的句子成分。现将其可以充当的句子成分

列表对照如下:
一、V-ing作动名词时具有名词的特征,因而在句中用作主语、表语、宾语、定语,有时它可以有自己的逻辑主语,也可以有时态和语态形式。如:
    1. 作主语、表语
        动名词作主语和表语表示泛指。如: Tom's not having finished his homework made his teacher angry. 汤姆没有完成作业使老师很生.(主语)
                                  Her job is keeping the offices clean. 她的工作是保持办公室清洁。(表语)      
    2. 作宾语
          动名词常跟在某些动词如enjoy, finish, mind, can't help(禁不住), suggest(建议), advise, consider(考虑), practise, admit, imagine   等以及含介词的短语动词insist on, stop...from, look forward to, pay attention to等后面作宾语。如: Do you mind my smoking here? 你介意我在这儿吸烟吗?
    3. 作定语
        动名词作定语时表示被修饰词的用途和作用。如: Don't forget to take a shopping basket with you. 别忘了带上购物篮子。

二、V-ing作现在分词充当非谓语动词时,它主要在句中充当定语、表语、宾补、主补及状语。如:
    1. 作定语
        现在分词作定语时表示该动作正在进行。单个现在分词作定语通常放在被修饰词的前面.现在分词短语作定语则放在被修饰词之后。如: The rising sun looks very beautiful. 冉冉升起的太阳看上去很美。
       若被修饰词与现在分词是被动关系时,须用现在分词的被动式(being done)作定语。如: The song being broadcast is very popular with the young students. 正在播放的歌曲深受青年学生的欢迎。

现在分词与动名词作定语的区别: 现在分词与所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系,而动名词作定语表示作用与用途。如: Let sleeping dogs lie. 别招惹麻烦。(现在分词。相当于定语从句 which are sleeping)
                           I think some sleeping pills may help you. 我想安眠药可以助你入睡。(动名词.表示用途,相当于pills for sleeping)

    2. 作表语：现在分词作表语表示主语的性质,这时通常可以看作形容词,可以用very, so或much等修饰。如: 　The news that our team had been beaten by them in the match was very surprising. 我们队在比赛中被他们打败的消息让人感到很意外。
                  The sound we heard last night was so frightening. 我们昨晚听到的声音令人恐怖。
                现在分词作表语与现在分词用于进行时态表达的意义是不同的.作表语,说明主语具备的性质,描述的是一种状态;而与助动词be构成现在进行时态和过去进行时态则强调动作正在发生,侧重对动作的描述。试比较: Mr. Zhang is encouraging his students to study English thoroughly. 张老师在鼓励学生们学好英语.       The book is very interesting. 这本书很有趣。

    3. 作宾语补足语：动词的现在分词作宾补表明宾语正在进行的动作。可以带现在分词作宾补的动词有find, see, hear, watch, have, get, catch, keep, leave等。如: When I came in, I found him lying in bed. 我进来时发现他躺在床上。

   4. 作状语：现在分词作状语可以表示伴随、原因、条件、结果等。如:
All the students sat in the classroom, waiting for their new teacher to come. 所有的学生都坐在教室里等待新老师的到来。 (伴随)
        Not having received his reply, she decided to write a second letter. (由于)没有收到他的回信,她决定再写一封。 (原因)
　　Seeing from the top of the hill, you can find the city more beautiful. (如果)从小山顶上看,你会发现这座城市更美丽。(条件)
　　My parents went to a birthday party yesterday, leaving me alone at home. 昨天我父母去参加一个生日舞会,留下我一个人在家。(结果)
　　值得注意的是,现在分词作状语时如果句中主语不是自己的逻辑主语,也可以带自己的主语, 构成独立主格结构. 此外, 现在分词也可以用在with的复合结构中表示其逻辑主语是分词动作的发出者。如:
　　Weather permitting, we will go out for a picnic tomorrow. 如果明天天气允许的话,我们将去野餐。(独立主格结构)
　　With a guide leading the way, we found the village easily. 由于有向导引路,我们轻易就找到了那个村庄。(含with的复合结构作状语)




饭饭问：大家都是怎么样区分V-ing是动名词还是现在分词的？（除了通过修饰词是adj or adv来判断）谢谢了。。。。饭饭这点无力了。。。求了

GTpower

V-ing 的非谓语动词用法: 动名词和现在分词的区别
V-ing 在英语中可以看作是动名词和现在分词,它们都可以用作非谓语动词,在句中可以充当一定的句子成分。现将其可以充当的句子成分

列表对照如下:
一、V-ing作动名词时具有名词的特征,因而在句中用作主语、表语、宾语、定语,有时它可以有自己的逻辑主语,也可以有时态和语态形式。如:
    1. 作主语、表语
        动名词作主语和表语表示泛指。如: Tom's not having finished his homework made his teacher angry. 汤姆没有完成作业使老师很生.(主语)
                                  Her job is keeping the offices clean. 她的工作是保持办公室清洁。(表语)      
    2. 作宾语
          动名词常跟在某些动词如enjoy, finish, mind, can't help(禁不住), suggest(建议), advise, consider(考虑), practise, admit, imagine   等以及含介词的短语动词insist on, stop...from, look forward to, pay attention to等后面作宾语。如: Do you mind my smoking here? 你介意我在这儿吸烟吗?
    3. 作定语
        动名词作定语时表示被修饰词的用途和作用。如: Don't forget to take a shopping basket with you. 别忘了带上购物篮子。

二、V-ing作现在分词充当非谓语动词时,它主要在句中充当定语、表语、宾补、主补及状语。如:
    1. 作定语
        现在分词作定语时表示该动作正在进行。单个现在分词作定语通常放在被修饰词的前面.现在分词短语作定语则放在被修饰词之后。如: The rising sun looks very beautiful. 冉冉升起的太阳看上去很美。
       若被修饰词与现在分词是被动关系时,须用现在分词的被动式(being done)作定语。如: The song being broadcast is very popular with the young students. 正在播放的歌曲深受青年学生的欢迎。

现在分词与动名词作定语的区别: 现在分词与所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系,而动名词作定语表示作用与用途。如: Let sleeping dogs lie. 别招惹麻烦。(现在分词。相当于定语从句 which are sleeping)
                           I think some sleeping pills may help you. 我想安眠药可以助你入睡。(动名词.表示用途,相当于pills for sleeping)

    2. 作表语：现在分词作表语表示主语的性质,这时通常可以看作形容词,可以用very, so或much等修饰。如: 　The news that our team had been beaten by them in the match was very surprising. 我们队在比赛中被他们打败的消息让人感到很意外。
                  The sound we heard last night was so frightening. 我们昨晚听到的声音令人恐怖。
                现在分词作表语与现在分词用于进行时态表达的意义是不同的.作表语,说明主语具备的性质,描述的是一种状态;而与助动词be构成现在进行时态和过去进行时态则强调动作正在发生,侧重对动作的描述。试比较: Mr. Zhang is encouraging his students to study English thoroughly. 张老师在鼓励学生们学好英语.       The book is very interesting. 这本书很有趣。

    3. 作宾语补足语：动词的现在分词作宾补表明宾语正在进行的动作。可以带现在分词作宾补的动词有find, see, hear, watch, have, get, catch, keep, leave等。如: When I came in, I found him lying in bed. 我进来时发现他躺在床上。

   4. 作状语：现在分词作状语可以表示伴随、原因、条件、结果等。如:
All the students sat in the classroom, waiting for their new teacher to come. 所有的学生都坐在教室里等待新老师的到来。 (伴随)
        Not having received his reply, she decided to write a second letter. (由于)没有收到他的回信,她决定再写一封。 (原因)
　　Seeing from the top of the hill, you can find the city more beautiful. (如果)从小山顶上看,你会发现这座城市更美丽。(条件)
　　My parents went to a birthday party yesterday, leaving me alone at home. 昨天我父母去参加一个生日舞会,留下我一个人在家。(结果)
　　值得注意的是,现在分词作状语时如果句中主语不是自己的逻辑主语,也可以带自己的主语, 构成独立主格结构. 此外, 现在分词也可以用在with的复合结构中表示其逻辑主语是分词动作的发出者。如:
　　Weather permitting, we will go out for a picnic tomorrow. 如果明天天气允许的话,我们将去野餐。(独立主格结构)
　　With a guide leading the way, we found the village easily. 由于有向导引路,我们轻易就找到了那个村庄。(含with的复合结构作状语)




饭饭问：大家都是怎么样区分V-ing是动名词还是现在分词的？（除了通过修饰词是adj or adv来判断）谢谢了。。。。饭饭这点无力了。。。求了

-- by 会员 泾渭不凡 (2012/3/9 20:07:39)

现在分词不在句首的话，前面都会有“名词”“逗号”
而且貌似没有刻意去区分过。。。

miss绿光

目前不看GMAT的人纯粹加人气~^^

泾渭不凡

to 绿光：谢谢绿光亲回来看我们~~~╭(╯3╰)╮

to GT：是这样，一些复杂平行对称结构的选项，V-ing的作用成分区分直接影响选项判断。这个点查了好多，没有人能好好总结出来。。。

babybearmm

我是把中文统统过滤掉，直接看例句，理解意思，体会用法...
总结一下，就是完全根据语意。分享一下我错过的一道题，这道题关键就是要读懂句意，知道主语到底是啥，是"rising ..."这个v-ing动作（动名词）呢，还是rates这个复数名词("rising"作为adj.)  这样的题目，根本无法用语法去套，还是要靠自己logical judgement，就是根据语意。

Rising commercial real estate rates, a gauge that brokers use to determine the strength of the housing market, is likely to deter many new homeowners from buying houses this spring.

Choices
A
a gauge that brokers use to determine the strength of the housing market, is

Your answer was incorrect
Choice A is not the correct answer. This sentence contains a subject-verb agreement error. The plural subject "rates" should be paired with a plural verb; however, the singular verb "is" has been used in this sentence.
B
that brokers use as a gauge to determine the strength of the housing market, is
Choice B is not the correct answer. This sentence contains a subject-verb agreement error (the plural subject "rates" is paired with the singular verb "is"). The appositive phrase has been changed to a clause in this sentence, but the word "that" is incorrectly used because the clause contains non-essential information. Notice that the meaning of the sentence will not change if this information is removed. The word"which" should be used instead.
C
a gauge used by brokers in determining the strength of the housing market, is
Choice C is not the correct answer. This choice still contains the subject-verb agreement error, and the appositive phrase has shifted to the passive voice ("gauge used by brokers"). An active voice construction, in which a concrete subject and an action verb are paired, is preferable.
D
that is used by brokers as a determining factor of the strength of the housing market, are
Choice D is not the correct answer. Even though this choice contains a subject and verb that agree ("rates" and "are"),the phrase is problematic because its wording is awkward and unclear, and itincorrectly begins with the word "that."
E
a gauge that brokers use to determine the strength of the housing market, are
Choice E is the correct answer. In this version, the plural subject"rates" is correctly paired with the plural verb "are." The appositive phrase is clear and correct.

This question is testing your ability to recognize and correct a subject-verb agreement error. Notice that the subject of this sentence is the plural word "rates" but that the sentence's verb "is" is a singular verb. The best answer choice will correct this error while also maintaining a coherent organization of ideas within the appositive phrase describing "rates."
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66YtfRBzctI&feature=youtube_gdata_player

from beatthegmat
You are correct that when verb-ing word acts as subject of the clause, the verb is always singular. For example:

Swimming is fun.
What is fun? Swimming. So swimming is the subject.

Singing has a therapeutic effect on people.
What has therapeutic effect on people? Singing. So singing is the subject.

Protecting the country from the rule of traitors is the goal of the commission.
What is the goal of the commission? Protecting the country...= Subject

In the above sentences, "verb-ing word" presents an action. swimming,singing, protecting

Now lets consider this sentence:

Pink dolls are very popular in China.
What are popular - pink dolls. So pink dolls = subject.
Note here that "pink" is an adjective describing the dolls.

Singing dolls are very popular in China.
What are popular - singing dolls. So singing dolls = subject.
Here again "singing" is an adjective describing dolls.

So as you can see, verb-ing word can play different roles. So the key is to determine if this word simply describes the associated noun or if it actually signifies an action that can act as the subject of the verb. (In grammatical terms - whether it acts as participle or gerund).

Now lets come to the sentence in question:

Rising commercial real estate rateslive;">,a gauge that brokers use to determine the strength of the housing market,are likely to deter many new homeowners from buying houses this spring.

Here "rising" is an adjective. It describes the real estate rates. So our actual subject is the noun - rates and hence the plural verb"are".
Yep..an example:

Swimming pools are good for exercising.
Swimming in the pools is a good way of exercising.

类似题目链接： verbal review 2nd, Question 20
跟这个一个模子出来的！

饭饭问：大家都是怎么样区分V-ing是动名词还是现在分词的？（除了通过修饰词是adj or adv来判断）谢谢了。。。。饭饭这点无力了。。。求了

-- by 会员 泾渭不凡 (2012/3/9 20:07:39)

babybearmm

谢谢饭饭，我也需要这个....有时候老老实实做时间太长，或者读不懂题。

记得一个逻辑总结套路感觉的方法，将逻辑是题目、问题、正确选型及对你来说迷惑性最大的选项，整理出来反复看，反复体会，解释也是要多看，这样提升逻辑套路感觉，会培养出prephase的~

求：SC正确句子们大家都是怎么总结啊？

-- by 会员 泾渭不凡 (2012/3/9 13:19:56)

泾渭不凡

哇~~~~baby姐姐真好呦~~~睡一半醒了滴饭饭被baby姐姐感动了~~~~饭饭先mark~~~马上好好看~~~谢谢baby姐~~~momo~~~

泾渭不凡

我是把中文统统过滤掉，直接看例句，理解意思，体会用法...
总结一下，就是完全根据语意。分享一下我错过的一道题，这道题关键就是要读懂句意，知道主语到底是啥，是"rising ..."这个v-ing动作（动名词）呢，还是rates这个复数名词("rising"作为adj.)  这样的题目，根本无法用语法去套，还是要靠自己logical judgement，就是根据语意。

Rising commercial real estate rates, a gauge that brokers use to determine the strength of the housing market, is likely to deter many new homeowners from buying houses this spring.

Choices
A
a gauge that brokers use to determine the strength of the housing market, is

Your answer was incorrect
Choice A is not the correct answer. This sentence contains a subject-verb agreement error. The plural subject "rates" should be paired with a plural verb; however, the singular verb "is" has been used in this sentence.
B
that brokers use as a gauge to determine the strength of the housing market, is
Choice B is not the correct answer. This sentence contains a subject-verb agreement error (the plural subject "rates" is paired with the singular verb "is"). The appositive phrase has been changed to a clause in this sentence, but the word "that" is incorrectly used because the clause contains non-essential information. Notice that the meaning of the sentence will not change if this information is removed. The word"which" should be used instead.
C
a gauge used by brokers in determining the strength of the housing market, is
Choice C is not the correct answer. This choice still contains the subject-verb agreement error, and the appositive phrase has shifted to the passive voice ("gauge used by brokers"). An active voice construction, in which a concrete subject and an action verb are paired, is preferable.
D
that is used by brokers as a determining factor of the strength of the housing market, are
Choice D is not the correct answer. Even though this choice contains a subject and verb that agree ("rates" and "are"),the phrase is problematic because its wording is awkward and unclear, and itincorrectly begins with the word "that."
E
a gauge that brokers use to determine the strength of the housing market, are
Choice E is the correct answer. In this version, the plural subject"rates" is correctly paired with the plural verb "are." The appositive phrase is clear and correct.

This question is testing your ability to recognize and correct a subject-verb agreement error. Notice that the subject of this sentence is the plural word "rates" but that the sentence's verb "is" is a singular verb. The best answer choice will correct this error while also maintaining a coherent organization of ideas within the appositive phrase describing "rates."
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66YtfRBzctI&feature=youtube_gdata_player

from beatthegmat
You are correct that when verb-ing word acts as subject of the clause, the verb is always singular. For example:

Swimming is fun.
What is fun? Swimming. So swimming is the subject.

Singing has a therapeutic effect on people.
What has therapeutic effect on people? Singing. So singing is the subject.

Protecting the country from the rule of traitors is the goal of the commission.
What is the goal of the commission? Protecting the country...= Subject

In the above sentences, "verb-ing word" presents an action. swimming,singing, protecting

Now lets consider this sentence:

Pink dolls are very popular in China.
What are popular - pink dolls. So pink dolls = subject.
Note here that "pink" is an adjective describing the dolls.

Singing dolls are very popular in China.
What are popular - singing dolls. So singing dolls = subject.
Here again "singing" is an adjective describing dolls.

So as you can see, verb-ing word can play different roles. So the key is to determine if this word simply describes the associated noun or if it actually signifies an action that can act as the subject of the verb. (In grammatical terms - whether it acts as participle or gerund).

Now lets come to the sentence in question:

Rising commercial real estate rates,a gauge that brokers use to determine the strength of the housing market,are likely to deter many new homeowners from buying houses this spring.

Here "rising" is an adjective. It describes the real estate rates. So our actual subject is the noun - rates and hence the plural verb"are".
Yep..an example:

Swimming pools are good for exercising.
Swimming in the pools is a good way of exercising.

-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/3/10 2:29:07)

(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……~~~懂咯懂咯~~~再次谢谢baby姐姐~~~整理到笔记里面咯~~~~嘻嘻~~~~
哈哈哈~~~虽然小噩梦醒咯~~~有意外收获呦~~~~哈哈~~~圣诞baby姐姐~~~╭(╯3╰)╮

babybearmm

饭饭宝宝不乖，好好睡咯

phoebe0624

来给各位加油！