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[原始] 3.19香港一战败北,放小狗

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楼主
发表于 2013-3-19 19:13:51 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式
V不理想,掉以轻心的后果~不过也是经验,特别感谢chase dream,JJ还是很有用的,5月再战,各位共勉,一考出来就暴风暴雨,人都淋啥了,记忆有点缺失,贡献一点残狗,希望有用
一、作文:一个fitness center的管理层说:因为在center新建了游泳池,所以去年夏天以来的use of the center increase 12%, 这个健身中心的盈利是来源于membership fees. 所以管理层决定在往后的几年新加入一系列其他运动的设备及器材等(比如小型高尔夫课),他们相信这样会有一个光明的前途。
1、use of the center increase不一定membership increase了,因为可能是现有会员在用(我个人分析了以下3点)
2、投入器材等的成本可能比收入高,所以不赚钱,而且设备啥的还贬值;
3、投入新器材等成本提高,收的membership fee 要相应提高才能balance回来,所以提高了会费可能加入的人减少,减少收入;


二、IR 时间完全不够,做的很匆忙,记忆完全消失了。。。


三、MATH: 考了jj 上不少题,jj这个月已经很全了,大家好好看,有5道都是秒选,再次感谢提供jj的各位,个人补上一道:
     一段路60 mile, 一个人以24mile/h 的速度走了12mile, 余下的距离就用50mile/h走完,问这整段路他的速度是多少?
     挺简单,60/(1/2+48/50)


四、语法逻辑记忆缺失。。。
      阅读:
      1、考了jj上语言发展,发音m,n ,外国人日本人那篇
      2、考了jj上热带雨林地区
      3、残:说从岩石来测算有多少年历史的,2段,第一段说1920s,一个科学家有一种方法,解释了一遍,不难看懂。第二段,开头一个词就是BUT,提出1950s的时候一些科学家就有新方法,觉得之前这个人的是错的,不是那么测得,然后紧接着又转折,说后来过了些年,科技发达了,有个很精确的方法可以坚定了,直接把1950那种方法给否了,说人们又觉得1920的科学家提出来的是acceptable的。
      4、时间不够。。。懵掉。。。完全缺失


哎 V还是最重要的。。。有时间的人就好好看V把,没几天了那就看看jj把,最后住大家都首战上7!
收藏收藏 收藏收藏
沙发
发表于 2013-3-19 21:08:29 | 只看该作者
谢谢~~~~~~
板凳
发表于 2013-3-19 21:42:14 | 只看该作者
感谢提供作文思路,请确认作文:
  The following appeared as part of a business plan created by the management of the Take Heart Fitness Center.
  “After opening the new swimming pool early last summer, Take Heart saw a 12 percent increase in the use of the center by members. Therefore, in order to increase the number of our members and thus our revenues, which depend on membership fees, we should continue to add new recreational facilities in subsequent years: for example, a multipurpose game room, a tennis court, and a miniature golf course. Being the only center in the area offering this range of activities would give us a competitive advantage in the health and recreation market.”
地板
 楼主| 发表于 2013-3-19 21:56:38 | 只看该作者
完全原文!
5#
发表于 2013-3-19 22:32:25 | 只看该作者
感谢狗主~~~

热带雨林求确认啊~~


2.1.11 热带雨林植物多样性△
V1【by: yourmanner】
阅读还有一个是讲热带雨林植物的多样性,谈到了为什么会这样,貌似说的是植物生存过程中的竞争性。
V2【by: forever2486】
一篇分析tropical plants为什么会生长得这么好的文章。有一段,三个理论,第一个是说在食草动物识破了plants的各种诡计后大量地吃它们,plants为了存活,遵循适者生存,开发出其他可以避免被吃掉的特征。(这里考了一个逻辑题,类比关系,我选的butterfly跟花的那个选项)
考古ryangu619尚未确认
V1 by sysxy1987
最后一篇又是长阅读,当时只剩10分钟,所以就乱选的。好像是讲热带雨林什么的。
V2 by sophie_into (680 v28)
是说热带雨林植物多,一个理论讲是因为predator所以促使植物要产生更多的化学物质,一个理论讲是因为雨林里形成了一小块一小块habitat place所以增加植物多样性,云云。
V3 by 糖心圆子(750)提醒一个易混的题目:
关于问"refuge"理论的infer题:应该选“不同的refuge有不同的plant”那个选项。有个易混的选项是“refuge的merge导致了雨林里的植物开始diversify”,看似很像其实不对。因为文章的原文是:小块refuge先生长植物,然后再merge形成雨林,这样雨林里的植物就更diversify了,其意就是refugee的植物是不同的。
V4 by 加洛林 (710)
热带雨林:注意假说的第一个和第二个就好。第一个知道植物为防动物吃也在进化就行。冰河那个理解先是冰河分割了雨林,形成不同的带,接着才合并。正确的选项开头有个varision就是“不同”个词。好像是B.
V5
" 第一种理论是说由于为了抵制食草动物所以猛长(感觉是自我保护)
第二种理论说什么R什么东西的(这个词和真菌有点像)在各个地区的成长形成一个什么区的然后植物就长了(不一定理解正确大概是这样,到考场上大家仔细看吧)
第三种忘了(记性不是特别好啊)"
V6
"四篇阅读,最后一篇记得比较清楚,内容是关于植物的灭绝和新物种的生成的文章。文中共提到了三种解释,一是食草动物给植物物种带来的生存压力导致物竞天择;二是冰河时期地质的变迁导致孤立的小范围物种群的形成,后来演变成为热带雨林群;三是什么我忘了...汗。。。最后作者指出对于1和2解释,都有相应的证据或原因给出反对,而第三种由于暂时没有反对的证据出现,而被植物学家所接受。

考题内容大抵都是细节题吧,好像有一道主旨题。其他三篇以前的经文里都有提到,而且我也记得不是很清楚了,就不罗索了。"
V7
热带植物的多样性的原因,提出三个假设,然后说前两个的局限性,所以目前科学家比较青睐第三种解释 Rainfall diversity.关于热带雨林生物多样性的,跟着提出了三种解释,第1个解释说是因为为了防止被eater吃了,所以要不断的变化发展,产生新的种类以保护自己。。第2个好象叫什么refuge(意思相近),讲是最近的那一次北半球的ice age,使得雨林diminish了,然后arid area使得跟多的物种被merge到雨林里了,第3个是什么忘了。问题是:主题,关于第2点的两题,关于第1点的一题
V8
热带雨林植物多样性 (05/27/2004) 热带雨林植物多样性三个原因:1.植物有毒使得动物有抗体,又导致植物产生新的变化,互相的作用(interact)使它们变化多样。2.冰河时期,降雨减少,地球被分成一块一块,这块地就是refugee(避难地),物种繁荣,多样化。(有题, 问哪个WEAKEN这个理论) 3.地震地址运动,火山等导致。作者对前两个找到反驳观点,第三点没有,则最可能是原因。 (问主题:是介绍不同的理论about ecosystem phenomena, 不时理论in dealing with ecosystem situation)
V9
"热带雨林植物多样性的解释结构:此多样性现象引起关注——依次介绍解释该现象的三个现行观点(参考前面JJ)——评价三个解释的正确性(其中前两者已有证据削弱,而最后一个因为尚无可以削弱的证据而显得plausible)
题目:重点考了第二个解释,与其有关的归纳题、正改善(支持类)的逻辑题"
V10
还有一片阅读说热带雨林deversity的原因,提出了3种,一个好像是以植物为生的动物用各种净化来适应植物对他们的反抗,相应的植物也会净化,所以有很多不同的植物了,一个是ice age什么的,是原来的森林分割成独立的几个,各自发展成不同的了(这里有个问题,问你第二个解释indicate什么,有一个选项很迷惑,说是原来很多森林merge into 一个森林,应该是ets故意的),第三的解释是什么忘了。最后分别对前两条解释说了一句反驳,只有第3个解释可信
V11
"物种多样性-热带雨林deversity Tropical forest diversity 的原因
一直让科学家很迷惑三种观点
1以植物为生的动物用各种进化来适应植物对他们的反抗,相应的植物也会进化,所以有很多不同的植物(这里有个inference题目不过不难)
2 ice age什么的,是原来的森林分割成独立的几个,各自发展成不同的了(这里有个问题,问你第二个解释indicate什么,有一个选项很迷惑,说是原来很多森林merge into 一个森林这个是D选项应该不选)
3 不同的地理位置造成自然条件也不一样。最后分别对前两条解释说了一句反驳,只有第3个解释可信 "
V12
热带雨林多样性的原因(旧题,三个理论,第一段阐述三个理论,第二段驳斥第一,第二个理论,留下第三个理论尚无定论,所以是被青睐,注意是被青睐,而不是被认可)。请牛牛确认,谢谢。
10)热带雨林的多样性:综合版本
第一段:说了多样性的三个理论。理论一,是说由于为了抵制食草动物所以猛长(感觉是自我保护)理论二,说什么R什么东西的(这个词和真菌有点像)在各个地区的成长形成一个什么区的然后植物就长了(不一定理解正确大概是这样,到考场上大家仔细看吧)
然后,第一段接着说了三种理论的正确性,就是三种解释:
解释1)因为食草动物给植物物种带来的生存压力导致物竞天择,为了防止被eater吃了,所以要不断的变化发展,产生新的种类以保护自己,从而导致植物产生新的变化,互相的作用(interact)使它们变化多样;(负态度)(Natural Selection)
解释2)因为冰河时期地质的变迁导致孤立的小范围物种群的形成,冰河时期,降雨减少,地球被分成一块一块,这块地就是refugee(避难地),物种繁荣,后来演变成为热带雨林群,讲是最近的那一次北半球的ice age,使得雨林diminish了,然后arid area使得跟多的物种被merge到雨林里了;(负态度)(Ice Age)
解释3)因为地震地质运动,火山等导致。作者对前两个找到反驳观点,第三点没有,则最可能是原因。(不负不正态度)(地震)
第二段:最后作者指出对于1和2解释,都有相应的证据或原因给出反对,而第三种由于暂时没有反对的证据出现,而被植物学家所接受。其中前两者已有证据削弱,而最后一个因为尚无可以削弱的证据而显得plausible。
1.问在某个理论的支持者倾向于支持选项中的哪个观点
2. Red Queen理论的理解和对refugee(避难地)的理解(解释二定位).
3.问的第一种theory说产生plant diversity的原因。(Natural Selection)
因为animal eaters were evolved to counter the self-protecting mechanism of plant, 所以plant也得进化。
4.还有一题问第2个理论
我选的是不同的refuge plant是不同的
5.问主题
是介绍不同的理论about ecosystem phenomena, 不时理论in dealing with ecosystem situation
6.问你第二个解释indicate什么,有一个选项很迷惑,说是原来很多森林merge into 一个森林,应该是ETS故意的,第三的解释是什么忘了。最后分别对前两条解释说了一句反驳,只有第3个解释可信
7.第二个解释有题,问哪个WEAKEN这个理论
6#
发表于 2013-3-19 22:33:58 | 只看该作者
第三个残的是这个吧~~目测今天有三个狗主放这只狗了!


V1
先是陈述了 这个理论 然后说当时人们只能在实验条件不足的情况下 大体的承认这个理论。但是1950年出了个A.B 研究了一些东西 carbon rating之类的,说是理论错误了。(我觉得这段时间内人们都不再接受M的理论了.随着科技的进步,应该是旧的改良结合很多其它新的technology出现了,证明了AB的 证据索取是比较片面的  M再次被人们接受。
问题:
1.  A..B. 对MilankovitchCycles Theory的看法导致一段时间内人们都不再接受M的理论了
2. 主题题:选的不同的方法对某一科学推断的研究和看法(没有一个选项提到了Milankovitch CyclesTheory,所以猜测某一科学推断指代Milankovitch CyclesTheory)。
3.Infer: 说如果第一段那些“当时人们”有accurate carbondating technologies 的时候,他们会怎样?
4. 新的学者(高亮了)对MilankovitchCycles Theory的看法
V2
某教授在1920S研究发现冰河期和地球轨道有关,然后是通过化石做了张表来说明。第二段突然说1950S科技进不了,发觉他理论不对了。然后1980S,科技有进步了,说其实1950S是不对的,以前那个教授其实是对的。
V3
P1:该理论的贡献
P2:该理论受到新的基于quantative和radiocarbon方法的挑战,被数据证实有误,但后来的研究证明上述方法有问题,新的更精确的方法验证了M理论的正确性,因而M理论重新得到认可
问题:1。 如果基于quantative和radiocarbon方法得到的结果是正确的,那会有什么结果。(答案都忘了,但此题不易解,干扰项严重)
V4
是change in earth orbit. 第一段讲M的理论多牛B,第二段讲50年代的什么试验证明M是错的,然后第二段的后半部分又说原来50年代的试验方法(还是数据?)是错误的,这样的话M的理论又被证明是对的了。
V5
然后还有一篇很长很长的是讲冰川的.第一段基本不考(大家大概扫扫好了,这文章有一屏半), 全是highlight的第二段.大意就是有一个专家提出了一个理论研究冰川的layer可以计算出时间还是什么的.第二段有人提出质疑,通过什么新的技术证明专家说的不对(有一个题目提到highlight的theorist起什么作用),但是1970年又有人重新做了research,发现其实质疑是错误的,于是还专家一个清白(有一道题目就是问1970年的研究做什么了,我觉得貌似应该是revise专家的提议).还有主旨题目.
V6
第一段:1920年,一个科学家M.M.(首字母)提出一个Claim/Theory说貌似地球的Orbit和Ice Age有关系。他的证据是在一些(可能是南北极的)冰川Layer里面发现了一些植物的标本。。
第二段:但是到了1950年,有一个根据CO2的研究指出M.M.的理论有问题,貌似指出问题的关键也是植物的标本问题。后来1970年研究技术更新之后,通过新技术表明,M.M.的理论还是可以被接受的~
V7
说M发现通过什么东西可以考证冰川的年代  而且这个东西受地球自转的影响。而且冰川会在世界各地周期性出现(澳大利亚除外,这里看似重要,但是没考)  后来第二段有科学家用新的 carbon dating技术推翻了他的结论,很多细节,完全没看懂,最后1970年以后一个什么技术的出现又还了M一个清白
V8
有一篇讲一个地质学家发现地球轨道会影响地球的气候,会使气候变冷,这个理论可以解释很多历史现象。但是1950年代的地质学家们发现用C测量一些化石的年龄,发现和上述理论相矛盾,说明上述理论错了,但1970年的地质学家们又发现1950年的测量不准确,那个理论是对的
注:在OG11和OG12中都有一篇阅读是关于Milankovitch理论的,但是并非此月的阅读原文,大家可以当背景资料阅读,我提供文章的开头关键句供大家查找:Milankovitch proposed in the early twentieth century that the ice ages were caused by variations in the Earth’s orbit around the Sun.   另外,看看下面的背景资料会对阅读有所帮助。
Milankovitch Cycles Theory
Milankovitch cycles theory is about the frequency of ice age. Milankovich proposed that the temperature of earth has something to do with the position of the earth in the orbit around sun. However it did not gain acceptance until 1968 when Dr. Imbrie presented additional evidence for M theory. He meassured the isotope level in small seashell deposit and the change of isotope abundancy corresponds with the temperature change.
However, later on, a geochemist tested the samples from Devil's Hole, a place in south Nevada and the results did not match with the previous results.
Even thought Dr. Imbrie still think M theory was valid, he conceded that many other factors contribute to the isotope level. It maybe why the results did not match.
OLD JJ
V1
是讲某人MM的理论,关于change in earth‘s orbit影响气候什么的,也没看懂……
V2
03/21 第二篇是change in earth orbit. 第一段讲M的理论多牛B,第二段讲50年代的什么试验证明M是错的,然后第二段的后半部分又说原来50年代的试验方法(还是数据?)是错误的,这样的话M的理论又被证明是对的了。
有益补充1:地球轨道根数变化与第四纪冰期 Changes of the Earth's Orbital Elements and the Quaternary Glacial Epoch
米兰柯维奇(Milankovitch)天文气候学理论和第四纪地质时期以来冰期的研究进展.研究结果表明,地球上的冰体积具有近10万yr的变化周期,并伴有近4万yr和2万yr的变化周期,它们是由于地球的轨道根数变化导致的气候变迁所致;不同的地球物理资料中均存在上述类似的变化周期,表明气候变迁所导致的变化是全球性效应,证实米兰柯维奇天文理论是基本正确的。 这个像不像jj里讲的mm理论?    冰川变化 地球轨道
有益补充2 (补充1的英文):
At the recent American Geophysical Union meeting in San Francisco, the 25th anniversary of one of the great
papers in paleoclimatology was celebrated. The paper, entitled “Variations in the Earth’s orbit: Pacemaker
of the Ice Ages,” presented important new evidence supporting the orbital theory of glaciation. Orbital theory goes back over a century but is most closely associated with Milankovitch, who calculated the effects of gravitational perturbations on the seasonal cycle of Earth’s insolation (the radiation incident at the top of the atmosphere). Insolation varies on several time scales, including ~20,000 years (termed precession), ~40,000.
参考阅读
Can We Date the Ice Ages?
Following improvements in the ability to measure isotope ratios which came about as a spin-off of the wartime Manhattan project, physical chemist Harold Urey began to examine the possibility that the ratio of the two principal isotopes of oxygen found in the atmosphere might provide a clue as to past temperatures. It was based on the idea that the ratio of the heavier isotope (oxygen-18) to the more prevalent isotope (oxygen-16) found at the sea surface would change depending on the temperature of the ocean water near the surface. Urey thought that a careful study of the oxygen isotope ratio in the shells of sea creatures, which build their calcium carbonate shells from oxygen available in the seawater, might serve to indicate the temperature of the water in which they formed. During warmer periods, it was thought, evaporation from the ocean surface would tend to enrich the sea surface water with the heavier isotope of oxygen.
Perhaps, Urey reasoned, the isotope ratios found in the layers of discarded shells of sea organism which form the ocean bottom could thus serve as a record for the past temperatures of the ocean.
The theory is fraught with many ifs, but it was pursued with persistence, starting in the 1950s, by Italian-educated micropaleontologist Cesare Emiliani, a one-time collaboator of Urey at the Argonne Laboratory then associated with University of Chicago. Emiliani identified certain species of small shell-forming sea organisms known as foraminifera, which he thought suitable for oxygen-isotope analysis to determine past climates. The conclusions he drew as to the dating of the ice ages were constantly challenged by leading oceanographers, who found them in contradiction with their studies of ocean bottom cores. The method was also attacked on the grounds that it wasn't clear that the creatures formed their shells, known as tests, near enough to the surface to reflect changes in isotope ratios.
About 1968, a somewhat new interpretation of the oxygen isotope record was proposed by a young oceanographer and climatologist, Nicholas Shackleton, a Cambridge graduate and great nephew of the famous British Antarctic explorer of the same name. Shackleton proposed that the oxygen-isotope ratio could serve as a proxy, not for temperature but for sea level--the idea being that during periods of glacial advance, when a large volume of ocean water had been taken up into the continental ice sheets, the oxygen-18 ratios of the remaining water would consequently be higher. These might be detected in the foraminifera layers found in the ocean bottom cores. Again there are many ifs, but Shackleton examined isotopic ratios of snows in Alpine and Arctic regions as well as many other factors to bolster his hypothesis. In the 1970s a National Science Foundation-funded program of oceanographic studies, known as CLIMAP, collected a large number of sediment cores from different parts of the world ocean. The program, known as the Decade of the Oceans, was run in conjunction with some flawed statistical approaches to modeling of global atmospheric circulation that had originated in efforts of John von Neumann to use computer modeling for studies of weather modification. However, analysis of the oxygen isotopic ratios of foraminifera found in the undersea cores suggested to a team working at the Lamont-Doherty Geological Laboratory that there was a definite signal of 100,000 year cyclicity. Dr. John Imbrie, who ran the computer programs analyzing the data, was the first to hypothesize that the periodicities were caused by the Milankovitch orbital cycles.
A landmark paper by Hays, Imbrie and Shackleton, published in the December 1976 issue of Science magazine ("Variations in the Earth's Orbit: Pacemaker of the Ice Ages"), argued that the advance and retreat of the ice sheets was triggered by the changes in the Earth's orbital parameters. Other factors might also be present to reinforce these relatively small changes in solar radiation, but these were the pacemaker. By the theory of the orbital cycles, the evidence from the undersea cores explained that a major glaciation would be set off about every 100,000 years, followed by a short period known as an interglacial, a melt back lasting about 10,000 to 12,000 years. By the calculations of astronomers, the present interglacial, which has lasted about 11,000 years, is due to end any time. Indeed we have been in a period of long-term cooling for more than 6,000 years. The maximum summer temperature experienced in Europe over the last 10,000 years occurred about 6000 B.C. Over North America, where the process of glacial retreat lagged somewhat, the maximum was reached by about 4000 B.C. These estimates based on a vast array of evidence from geology, botany, and many other fields are consistent with the orbital theory of climate, for the northern hemisphere Summer would have been occurring at a point in Earth's orbit much nearer to the Sun than presently.
"One of the fundamental tenets of palaeoclimate modeling, the Milankovitch theory, is called into doubt by isotope analysis of a calcite vein, just reported in Science by Winograd and colleagues. The theory, which is backed up by a compelling bank of evidence, suggests that the ice ages determined, with unprecedented accuracy, in the new record cannot be reconciled with the planetary cyclicity. . .
Winograd and colleagues' evidence also turns on oxygen isotope data, this time from vein calcite coating the hanging wall of an extensional fault at Devils Hole, an aquifer in southern Nevada. In 1988, the authors published a date, 145,000 years, based on 234U-230Th dating for the end of the penultimate ice age (Termination II), marked by an increase in the 18O to 16O ratio, a change taken to mirror an increase in local precipitation. Although the date was only 17,000 year earlier than the previously accepted date of 128,000 years, if correct, this change is enough to bring Milankovitch mechanism into serious doubt. . .
I remain confused. The geochemist in me says that Devils Hole chronology is the best we have. And the palaeoclimatologist in me says that correlation between accepted marine chronology and Milankovitch cycles is just too convincing to be put aside. . .
One side will have to give, and maybe - just to be safe - climate modellers should start preparing themselves for a world without Milankovitch."
7#
发表于 2013-3-19 23:32:13 | 只看该作者
加油加油!!!

要不停地努力,一定没问题的

顺便问下HK考场咋样吖?

我27号(*^__^*)
8#
 楼主| 发表于 2013-3-19 23:54:34 | 只看该作者
我在湾仔中海外大厦考的,目测很小,20个人以内,同层还有还多别的公司。。。
9#
 楼主| 发表于 2013-3-19 23:57:00 | 只看该作者
对,内容完全是综合版本里那些意思,就是题目我记不大清楚了,这题结构挺清晰,不难
10#
发表于 2013-3-20 00:02:17 | 只看该作者
大谢!
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