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阅读: 1)第某篇(这篇lz做过啊!!!!尼玛但是忘记当时正确答案是哪些了= = 这种感觉你懂得) By the sixteenth century, the Incas of South America ruled an empire that extended along the Pacific coast and Andean highlands from what is now Ecuador to central Chile. While most of the Incas were self-sufficient agriculturists, the inhabitants of the highland basins above 9,000 feet were constrained by the kinds of crops they could cultivate. Whereas 95 percent of the principal Andean food crops can be cultivated below 3,000 feet, only 20 percent reproduce readily above 9,000 feet. Given this unequal resource distribution, highland Incas needed access to the products of lower, warmer climatic zones in order to enlarge the variety and quantity of their foodstuffs. In most of the preindustrial world, the problem of different resource distribution was resolved by long-distance trade networks over which the end consumer exercised little control. Although the peoples of the Andean highlands participated in such networks, they relied primarily on the maintenance of autonomous production forces in as many ecological zones as possible. The commodities produced in these zones were extracted, processed, and transported entirely by members of a single group.
This strategy of direct access to a maximum number of ecological zones by a single groupis called vertical economy.Even today, one can see Andean communities maintaining use rights simultaneously to pasturelands above 12,000 feet, to potato fields in basins over 9,000 feet, and to plots of warm-land crops in regions below 6,000 feet. This strategy has two principal variations. The first is “compressed verticality,” in whicha single village resides in a location that permits easy access to closely located ecological zones.Different crop zones or pasturelands are located within a few days walk of the parent community. Community members may reside temporarily in one of the lower zones to manage the extraction of products unavailable in the homeland. In the second variation, called the “vertical archipelago,” the village exploits resources in widely dispersed locations, constituting a series of independent production “islands.” In certain pre-Columbian Inca societies, groups were sent from the home territory to establish permanent satellite communities or colonies in distant tropical forests or coastal locations. There the colonists grew crops and extracted products for their own use and for transshipment back to their high-altitude compatriots. In contrast to the compressed verticality system, in this system, commodities rather than people circulated through the archipelago. 2)第某篇: 第一段提出问题:什么影响雇员share information的程度。第二段阐述:公司的reward注重个人努力的话,雇员share information的程度就低;公司注重team努力的话,share information的程度就高,bla bla~~。第三段给例子说一个公司起初注重reward个人努力,share information的程度就低。后来公司改变reward的方式,注重reward team的努力,人们就share information更多了。
逻辑 Tar 存在于香烟里面,Tar致癌,因此生产低Tar的香烟可以降低癌症,weaken。有个选项: 低Tar的话人们就会使劲吸烟,从而吸入大量的Tar
数学: 数轴上k和r直线(不确定是不是这两个字母)都过(4,4)(不确定是不是这两个数字),r和k直线的斜率相乘为-1(垂直),k的截距为-3(不确定是不是这个数),问r的截距是几?
1-99之间没有inclusive的所有偶数和是多少,记得一个答案是50*49
lz雅思考7,GMAT就是上不去啊!!!按理说600应该要上嘛!!!!考了三次都不到600!!!都不好意思说了!!!CD都是700+的啊!!!不然不好意思发帖了啊!!!这次总算超过要申请学校的Minimum requirement了!!!但是还是低啊!!!担心申请不到啊!!!不想再考了啊!!!每次做到verbal部分就感觉要睡觉了啊!!!还好今天有咖啡啊!!!不然死定了啊!!!昨晚失眠到4点啊!!!今天考前还拉肚子啊!!!每次都是这样啊!!!跟GMAT无缘啊!!!跟名校无缘了啊!!!!求安慰啊!!!!
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