- UID
- 534614
- 在线时间
- 小时
- 注册时间
- 2010-5-19
- 最后登录
- 1970-1-1
- 主题
- 帖子
- 性别
- 保密
|
5#

楼主 |
发表于 2011-9-13 06:08:35
|
只看该作者
晕啊,怎么都传不上去 放这吧
1.GWD-17-Q24-Q27 AFL对政府医疗保障的态度 In 1938, at the government-convened1938年的会议上工会工人
National Health Conference, organized labor是提议立法保障公众健康
emerged as a major proponent of legislation的主要力量。
Lineto guarantee universal health care in the
(5)United States.The American Medical代表医师利益的AMM要
Association, representing physicians’求保护医师的自由市场权。
interests, argued for preserving physicians’
free-market prerogatives.Labor activists劳工行动家反对他们,坚
countered these arguments by insisting that持说卫生保健是由政府项
(10)health care was a fundamental right that目保障的基本权利。
should be guaranteed by government
programs. 1938年, labor activists支持政府医疗保障
The labor activists’ position represented劳工行动家的立场背离了
a departure from the voluntarist view heldAFL到1935年才放弃的
(15)until 1935 by leaders of the American唯意志观点。
Federation of labor (AFL), a leading affili-
ation of labor unions; the voluntarist view唯意志观点强调工人有权
stressed workers’ right to freedom from摆脱政府对自己生活的干
government intrusions into their lives and扰,它认为健康保险危及
(20)represented national health insurance as a公众隐私。
threat to workers’ privacy.AFL presidentAFL领袖SG肆意说代表了
Samuel Gompers, presuming to speak for全体工人,反对AALL在
all workers, had positioned the AFL as1915年设立健康保险的提
a leading opponent of the proposals for议。
(25)national health insurance that were advo-
cated beginning in 1915 by the American
Association for Labor Legislation (AALL),
an organization dedicated to the study and
reform of labor laws.Gompers’ oppositionSG的反对一定程度上有他
(30)to national health insurance was partly的原则,基于资本主义政
principled, arising from the premise that府总是保护雇主的利益。
governments under capitalism invariably
served employers’, not workers’, interests.
Gompers feared the probing of governmentSG害怕官僚主义伸入工人
(35)bureaucrats into workers’ lives, as well as生活,由雇主资助的保险
the possibility that government-mandated又可能让公司得到员工的
health insurance, financed in part by体检报告,用来辞退伤残
employers, could permit companies to工人。
require employee medical examinations
(40)that might be used to discharge disabled
workers. 1935年之前AFL的主要观点,反对政府医疗保障
Yetthe AFL’s voluntarism had accom-但唯意志论容纳了某些例
modated certain exceptions:the AFL had外:AFL支持代表受伤工
supported government intervention on behalf人和童工的政府干预。
(45)of injured workers and child laborers.AFL但AFL和健康保险划清界
officials drew the line at national health线,一部分是出于自身权
insurance, however, partly out of concern力的考虑。
for their own power.The fact that AFLAALL等局外人担当主
outsiders such as the AALL had taken the要角色惹怒了SG。
(50)most prominent advocacy roles antagonized
Gompers.That this reform threatened union-这个改革危及SG支持的
sponsored benefit programs championed by资助利益项目,让保险
Gompers made national health insurance更讨厌。
even more objectionable.
(55)Indeed, the AFL leadership did faceAFL的领导层的确面临
serious organizational divisions.Many严重分化。很多联盟成员
unionists, recognizing that union-run health认识到联盟运作的健康项
programs covered only a small fraction of目只面对一小部分成员,
union members and that unions represented纷纷支持义务健康保险。
(60)only a fraction of the nation’s workforce,
worked to enact compulsory health
insurance in their state legislatures.This最终在1935年AFL还是
activism and the views underlying it came to支持了这一立法。
prevail in the United States labor movement
(65)and in 1935 the AFL unequivocally reversed
its position on health legislationAFL最终倒戈支持政府医疗保证.
|
|