【每日逻辑练习第二季】【3-4】

fox0923

好几天都耽搁了，过来给大家补发这两天的逻辑练习。

Bible


3. Raisins are made by drying grapes in the sun.
Although some of the sugar in the grapes is
caramelized in the process, nothing is added.
Moreover, the only thing removed from the grapes is
the water that evaporates during the drying, and
water contains no calories or nutrients. The fact that
raisins contain more iron per calorie than grapes do is
thus puzzling.
Which one of the following, if true, most helps to
explain why raisins contain more iron per calorie
than do grapes?
(A) Since grapes are bigger than raisins, it takes
several bunches of grapes to provide the
same amount of iron as a handful of raisins
does.
(B) Caramelized sugar cannot be digested, so its
calories do not count toward the calorie
content of raisins.
(C) The body can absorb iron and other nutrients
more quickly from grapes than from raisins
because of the relatively high water content
of grapes.
(D) Raisins, but not grapes, are available yearround,
so many people get a greater share of
their yearly iron intake from raisins than from
grapes.
(E) Raisins are often eaten in combination with
other iron-containing foods, while grapes are
usually eaten by themselves.





PREP




105.    (29298-!-item-!-188;#058&004042)    (GWD 6-Q15)


Capuchin monkeys often rub their bodies with a certain type of millipede.  Laboratory tests show that secretions from the bodies of these millipedes are rich in two chemicals that are potent mosquito repellents, and mosquitoes carry parasites that debilitate capuchins.  Some scientists hypothesize that the monkeys rub their bodies with the millipedes because doing so helps protect them from mosquitoes.
Which of the following, if true, provides the most support for the scientists’ hypothesis?
A. A single millipede often gets passed around among several capuchins, all of whom rub their bodies with it.
B. The two chemicals that repel mosquitoes also repel several other varieties of insects.
C. The capuchins rarely rub their bodies with the millipedes except during the rainy season, when mosquito populations are at their peak.
D. Although the capuchins eat several species of insects, they do not eat the type of millipede they use to rub on their bodies.
E. The two insect-repelling chemicals in the secretions of the millipedes are carcinogenic for humans but do not appear to be carcinogenic for capuchins.


106.    (31188-!-item-!-188;#058&005724)    (GWD 28-Q32)


A prominent investor who holds a large stake in the Burton Tool Company has recently claimed that the company is mismanaged.  As evidence for this claim, the investor cited the company's failure to slow production in response to a recent rise in its inventory of finished products.  It is doubtful whether an investor's sniping at management can ever be anything other than counterproductive, but in this case it is clearly not justified.  It is true that an increased inventory of finished products often indicates that production is outstripping demand.  In Burton's case it indicates no such thing, however:  the increase in inventory is entirely attributable to products that have already been assigned to orders received from customers.
In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?


A. The first provides evidence to support the conclusion of the argument as a whole; the second states that conclusion.
B. The first states the conclusion of the argument as a whole; the second states an intermediate conclusion that is drawn in order to support that conclusion.
C. The first is the position that the argument as a whole opposes; the second provides evidence against the position being opposed.
D. The first states an intermediate conclusion that is drawn in order to support the conclusion of the argument as a whole; the second states the conclusion of the argument as a whole.
E. The first and the second both state intermediate conclusions that are drawn in order to support jointly the conclusion of the argument as a whole.


107.    (26093-!-item-!-188;#058&001880)    (GWD 1-Q40 different type)


Until now, only injectable vaccines against influenza have been available.  They have been used primarily by older adults, who are at risk for complications from influenza.  A new vaccine administered in a nasal spray has proven effective in preventing influenza in children.  Since children are significantly more likely than adults to contract and spread influenza, making the new vaccine widely available for children will greatly reduce the spread of influenza across the population.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
A. If a person receives both the injectable and the nasal-spray vaccine, the two vaccines do not interfere with each other.
B. The new vaccine uses the same mechanism to ward off influenza as injectable vaccines do.
C. Government subsidies have kept the injectable vaccine affordable for all older adults.
D. Of the older adults who contract influenza, relatively few contract it from children with influenza.
E. Many parents would be more inclined to have their children vaccinated against influenza if the vaccination did not require an injection.


108.    (32122-!-item-!-188;#058&006354)    (GWD 7-Q41)


Magazine Publisher:  Our magazine does not have a liberal bias.  It is true that when a book review we had commissioned last year turned out to express distinctly conservative views, we did not publish it until we had also obtained a second review that took a strongly liberal position.  Clearly, however, our actions demonstrate not a bias in favor of liberal views but rather a commitment to a balanced presentation of diverse opinions.
Determining which of the following would be most useful in evaluating the cogency of the magazine publisher's response?
A. Whether any other magazines in which the book was reviewed carried more than one review of the book
B. Whether the magazine publishes unsolicited book reviews as well as those that it has commissioned
C. Whether in the event that a first review commissioned by the magazine takes a clearly liberal position the magazine would make any efforts to obtain further reviews
D. Whether the book that was the subject of the two reviews was itself written from a clearly conservative or a clearly liberal point of view
E. Whether most of the readers of the magazine regularly read the book reviews that the magazine publishes

fox0923

bible解释：


Question #3. Resolve. December 2001 LSAT, Section 1, #9. The correct answer choice is (B)
The paradox in the stimulus is that raisins contain more iron per calorie than grapes even though the two
are almost identical in composition. But there is a difference: “some of the sugar in grapes is caramelized”
as the grapes are dried in the sun. Since this is the only stated difference between the two that could affect
the calorie count (water has no calories), you should focus on an answer that discusses this difference.
Answer choice (A): This answer essentially states that grapes are bigger than raisins, and you need several
bunches to equal a handful of raisins. The issue is not the size of the grapes or raisins!
Answer choice (B): This is the correct answer. If the iron content in the raisins and grapes is identical, but
raisins have fewer calories for counting purposes, then the iron per calorie will be higher for raisins, as
highlighted by the following example:
Raisins Grapes
Units of Iron 100 100
Countable Calories 10 20
Iron per Calorie 10 5
Note that the paradox could have addressed any common element between raisins and grapes (such as
fiber or fat), and raisins would always have the higher per calorie content since they contain fewer
countable calories.
Answer choice (C): The paradox in the stimulus does not involve the rate at which the body can absorb iron or any other nutrient. This answer misses the point and is incorrect.
Answer choice (D): The availability of raisins and grapes is not an issue in the stimulus. The answer then discusses iron, but the point made about yearly intake is irrelevant.
Answer choice (E): The comparison in the stimulus is between grapes and raisins. This answer, which brings in other food items, is irrelevant.


PREP key：CBEC

shelvey

哈！！今天的阅读和逻辑几乎是同一时间发的~~好久没做了，占位占位~~

bh455541186

先做个板凳再好好看，哈哈

泾渭不凡

啊~~竟然今天没有看到捏.........明天做.......姐姐辛苦啦~

泾渭不凡

Bible：

Premise 1: Although some of the sugar in the grapes is caramelized in the process, nothing is added.
Premise 2: The only thing removed from the grapes is the water that evaporates during the drying, and water contains no calories or nutrients.
Conclusion: Raisins contain more iron per calorie than grapes do is thus puzzling.

Prephrase: Some chemical progress may affect the discrepancy.......................

~B~

LIAOYA

好久没做了，
bible
premise   晒干的葡萄干每个calorie中什么铁的含量多，但是只是水蒸发，糖caramelized
问为什么   argument construction
我认为有搭桥的意味， 两个物体进行比较，然后结论是两者不同，这意味着在premise 里面也要说不同点。所以答案 caramilized suguer is different from the suguer in the grap

1, c   典型的因果型结论，根据bible， 因果型结论就只用关心结论
结论是瘙痒是为了赶蚊子，也就是说蚊子导致瘙痒
答案是又因无果型

2 bold face ,现在看不到黑体，跳过

3 conclusion    this practice will reduce spread
  premise    the practice is available to children and they are likely to contract and spread the desease
这是个预测型， 跟premise都没好大的关系的，是说premise 可行，也就是说这个措施可行

4 conclusion   没有 liberal biase,
 premise    虽然之前没发放消息，是因为我们想把资料弄全了在说

bh455541186

这个以前看过~不过这个是变体~~嘿嘿，逻辑链读懂了~

yangreat

精炼
3. Raisins are made by drying grapes in the sun.
Although some of the sugar in the grapes is
caramelized in the process, nothing is added.
Moreover, the only thing removed from the grapes is
the water that evaporates during the drying, and
water contains no calories or nutrients. The fact that
raisins contain more iron per calorie than grapes do is
thus puzzling.

0：24
完整版
Background Information: Raisins are made by drying grapes in

the sun.
Premise: Although some of the sugar in the grapes is
caramelized in the process, nothing is added.
Premise: Moreover, the only thing removed from the grapes is
the water that evaporates during the drying, and
water contains no calories or nutrients.
Conclusion: The fact that raisins contain more iron per

calorie than grapes do is thus puzzling.
精简版
Raisins contain more iron per calorie than grapes do.
Some of the sugar in the grapes is caramelized.

选B

105

0：36
完整版
Premise: Capuchin monkeys often rub their bodies with a certain type of millipede.
Premise:  Laboratory tests show that secretions from the bodies of these millipedes are rich in two chemicals that are potent mosquito repellents, and mosquitoes carry parasites that debilitate capuchins.
Conclusion: Some scientists hypothesize that the monkeys rub their bodies with the millipedes because doing so helps protect them from mosquitoes.

精简版
Capuchin monkeys rub their bodies with millipede to protect them from mosquitoes.

选C


106
1:00
黑体1：in this case it is clearly not justified.

黑体2：the increase in inventory is entirely attributable to products that have already been assigned to orders received from customers.

选B

107

0：40
完整版
Background Information: Until now, only injectable vaccines against influenza have been available. They have been used primarily by older adults, who are at risk for complications from influenza.
Premise:  A new vaccine administered in a nasal spray has proven effective in preventing influenza in children.  
Premise:  Since children are significantly more likely than adults to contract and spread influenza
Conclusion:  making the new vaccine widely available for children will greatly reduce the spread of influenza across the population.

精简版
A new vaccine that administered in a nasal spray  will greatly reduce the spread of influenza across the population.

选E

108
0:43
选错了

zxppx

3.

Raisins are made by drying grapes in the sun.
Although some of the sugar in the grapes is
caramelized in the process, nothing is added.
Moreover, the only thing removed from the grapes is
the water that evaporates during the drying, and
water contains no calories or nutrients. The fact that
raisins contain more iron per calorie than grapes do is
thus puzzling.
Which one of the following, if true, most helps to
explain why raisins contain more iron per calorie
than do grapes? 注意看问题，还是没有把问题理解清楚（我想成“葡萄干的每卡路里含铁量和葡萄的一样多了”），要弄清楚比较的对象是什么！iron per calorie，跟water无关
(A) Since grapes are bigger than raisins, it takes
several bunches of grapes to provide the
same amount of iron as a handful of raisins
does.

This answer choice explains the question, considering the weight. BA

问题在于葡萄只是比葡萄干的水分多，而水分不含有卡路里和营养物质，所以两者每卡路里的含铁量应该是相同的，削弱问题
(B) Caramelized sugar cannot be digested, so its
calories do not count toward the calorie
content of raisins.

Caramelized sugar is inside both grapes and raisins, and it will not lose. So this answer choice cannot explain the question.

所以葡萄干的卡路里就比葡萄的要少，这是计算方法的问题！加强问题
(C) The body can absorb iron and other nutrients
more quickly from grapes than from raisins
because of the relatively high water content
of grapes.

How the body absorb these materials is irrelevant.
(D) Raisins, but not grapes, are available yearround,
so many people get a greater share of
their yearly iron intake from raisins than from
grapes.

Actually, this answer choice has no effect on the argument.
(E) Raisins are often eaten in combination with
other iron-containing foods, while grapes are
usually eaten by themselves.

How they are eaten is outside the scope of the argument.



105. (29298-!-item-!-188;#058&004042) (GWD 6-Q15)
Capuchin monkeys often rub their bodies with a certain type of millipede. Laboratory tests show that secretions from the bodies of these millipedes are rich in two chemicals that are potent mosquito repellents, and mosquitoes carry parasites that debilitate capuchins. Some scientists hypothesize that the monkeys rub their bodies with the millipedes because doing so helps protect them from mosquitoes.
Which of the following, if true, provides the most support for the scientists’ hypothesis?
A. A single millipede often gets passed around among several capuchins, all of whom rub their bodies with it.

This answer choice cannot strengthen the argument.
B. The two chemicals that repel mosquitoes also repel several other varieties of insects.

Other varieties of insects are irrelevant.
C. The capuchins rarely rub their bodies with the millipedes except during the rainy season, when mosquito populations are at their peak.

Yes, in this case, it points out the relationship between mosquitoes and millipedes. BA
D. Although the capuchins eat several species of insects, they do not eat the type of millipede they use to rub on their bodies.

This answer choice has no effect on the argument.
E. The two insect-repelling chemicals in the secretions of the millipedes are carcinogenic for humans but do not appear to be carcinogenic for capuchins.

Actually, it cannot support the conclusion.



106. (31188-!-item-!-188;#058&005724) (GWD 28-Q32)
A prominent investor who holds a large stake in the Burton Tool Company has recently claimed that the company is mismanaged. As evidence for this claim, the investor cited the company's failure to slow production in response to a recent rise in its inventory of finished products. It is doubtful whether an investor's sniping at management can ever be anything other than counterproductive, but in this case it is clearly not justified. It is true that an increased inventory of finished products often indicates that production is outstripping demand. In Burton's case it indicates no such thing, however: the increase in inventory is entirely attributable to products that have already been assigned to orders received from customers.
In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?
A. The first provides evidence to support the conclusion of the argument as a whole; the second states that conclusion.
B. The first states the conclusion of the argument as a whole; the second states an intermediate conclusion that is drawn in order to support that conclusion.
C. The first is the position that the argument as a whole opposes; the second provides evidence against the position being opposed.
D. The first states an intermediate conclusion that is drawn in order to support the conclusion of the argument as a whole; the second states the conclusion of the argument as a whole.
E. The first and the second both state intermediate conclusions that are drawn in order to support jointly the conclusion of the argument as a whole.



107. (26093-!-item-!-188;#058&001880) (GWD 1-Q40 different type)
Until now, only injectable vaccines against influenza have been available. They have been used primarily by older adults, who are at risk for complications from influenza. A new vaccine administered in a nasal spray has proven effective in preventing influenza in children. Since children are significantly more likely than adults to contract and spread influenza, making the new vaccine widely available for children will greatly reduce the spread of influenza across the population.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
A. If a person receives both the injectable and the nasal-spray vaccine, the two vaccines do not interfere with each other.

But it cannot support the conclusion.
B. The new vaccine uses the same mechanism to ward off influenza as injectable vaccines do.

The effect of the new vaccine has been referred in the argument.
C. Government subsidies have kept the injectable vaccine affordable for all older adults.

It has nothing to do with the new vaccine.
D. Of the older adults who contract influenza, relatively few contract it from children with influenza.

It still cannot strengthen the argument.
E. Many parents would be more inclined to have their children vaccinated against influenza if the vaccination did not require an injection.

Yes, in this case, more children will use the new vaccine, thus strengthening the argument. BA



108. (32122-!-item-!-188;#058&006354) (GWD 7-Q41)
Magazine Publisher: Our magazine does not have a liberal bias. It is true that when a book review we had commissioned last year turned out to express distinctly conservative views, we did not publish it until we had also obtained a second review that took a strongly liberal position. Clearly, however, our actions demonstrate not a bias in favor of liberal views but rather a commitment to a balanced presentation of diverse opinions.
Determining which of the following would be most useful in evaluating the cogency of the magazine publisher's response?
A. Whether any other magazines in which the book was reviewed carried more than one review of the book

Other magazines are outside the scope of the argument.
B. Whether the magazine publishes unsolicited book reviews as well as those that it has commissioned

Unsolicited or commissioned is irrelevant.
C. Whether in the event that a first review commissioned by the magazine takes a clearly liberal position the magazine would make any efforts to obtain further reviews

Yes, in the argument, we can see that the magazine did not publish a review that expressed distinctly conservative views until it received a review that took strongly liberal position. On the other hand, if the magazine fist received the latter review, what would it do will demonstrate whether it is a bias in favor of liberal views or a balanced presentation of diverse opinions. BA
D. Whether the book that was the subject of the two reviews was itself written from a clearly conservative or a clearly liberal point of view

Which view was the book that was the subject of the two reviews written from is outside the scope of the argument.
E. Whether most of the readers of the magazine regularly read the book reviews that the magazine publishes

Whether most readers read the book reviews is irrelevant.