【每日逻辑练习第二季】【2-10】

fox0923

由于明天可能会来不及发了，所以先把这个贴上~~大家加油~~

精练
1. Psychiatrist: Take any visceral emotion you care to
consider. There are always situations in which it
is healthy to try to express that emotion. So,
there are always situations in which it is
healthy to try to express one’s anger.
The conclusion of the argument follows logically if
which one of the following is assumed?
(A) Anger is always expressible.
(B) Anger is a visceral emotion.
(C) Some kinds of emotions are unhealthy to
express.
(D) All emotions that are healthy to express are
visceral.
(E) An emotion is visceral only if it is healthy to
express.





PREP练习
45.    (33087-!-item-!-188;#058&007558)


The recent decline in the value of the dollar was triggered by a prediction of slower economic growth in the coming year.  But that prediction would not have adversely affected the dollar had it not been for the government's huge budget deficit, which must therefore be decreased to prevent future currency declines.


Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the conclusion about how to prevent future currency declines?


(A) The government has made little attempt to reduce the budget deficit.
(B) The budget deficit has not caused a slowdown in economic growth.
(C) The value of the dollar declined several times in the year prior to the recent prediction of slower economic growth.
(D) Before there was a large budget deficit, predictions of slower economic growth frequently caused declines in the dollar's value.
(E) When there is a large budget deficit, other events in addition to predictions of slower economic growth sometimes trigger declines in currency value.


46.    (33135-!-item-!-188;#058&007559)


Neither a rising standard of living nor balanced trade, by itself, establishes a country's ability to compete in the international marketplace.  Both are required simultaneously since standards of living can rise because of growing trade deficits and trade can be balanced by means of a decline in a country's standard of living.


If the facts stated in the passage above are true, a proper test of a country's ability to be competitive is its ability to


(A) balance its trade while its standard of living rises
(B) balance its trade while its standard of living falls
(C) increase trade deficits while its standard of living rises
(D) decrease trade deficits while its standard of living falls
(E) keep its standard of living constant while trade deficits rise


47.    (33183-!-item-!-188;#058&007560)


Traditionally, decision-making by managers that is reasoned step-by-step has been considered preferable to intuitive decision-making.  However, a recent study found that top managers used intuition significantly more than did most middle- or lower-level managers.  This confirms the alternative view that intuition is actually more effective than careful, methodical reasoning.


The conclusion above is based on which of the following assumptions?


(A) Methodical, step-by-step reasoning is inappropriate for making many real-life management decisions.
(B) Top managers have the ability to use either intuitive reasoning or methodical, step-by-step reasoning in making decisions.
(C) The decisions made by middle- and lower-level managers can be made as easily by using methodical reasoning as by using intuitive reasoning.
(D) Top managers use intuitive reasoning in making the majority of their decisions.
(E) Top managers are more effective at decision-making than middle- or lower-level managers.


48.    (33231-!-item-!-188;#058&007563)


Certain messenger molecules fight damage to the lungs from noxious air by telling the muscle cells encircling the lungs' airways to contract.  This partially seals off the lungs.  An asthma attack occurs when the messenger molecules are activated unnecessarily, in response to harmless things like pollen or household dust.


Which of the following, if true, points to the most serious flaw of a plan to develop a medication that would prevent asthma attacks by blocking receipt of any messages sent by the messenger molecules referred to above?


(A) Researchers do not yet know how the body produces the messenger molecules that trigger asthma attacks.
(B) Researchers do not yet know what makes one person's messenger molecules more easily activated than another's.
(C) Such a medication would not become available for several years, because of long lead times in both development and manufacture.
(D) Such a medication would be unable to distinguish between messages triggered by pollen and household dust and messages triggered by noxious air.
(E) Such a medication would be a preventative only and would be unable to alleviate an asthma attack once it had started.

fox0923

精练

All answer keys in this book will indicate the source of the question by giving the month and year the
LSAT was originally administered, the Logical Reasoning section number, and the question number within
that section. Each LSAT has two Logical Reasoning sections, and so the Section 1 and Section 2
designators will refer to the first or second Logical Reasoning section in the test, not the physical section
number of the booklet.
Question #1. Justify. October 2000 LSAT, Section 2, #4. The correct answer choice is (B)
The first step in solving a Justify question is to analyze the structure of the argument:
Premise: There are always situations in which it is healthy to try to express that [visceral]
emotion.
Conclusion: There are always situations in which it is healthy to try to express one’s anger.
A quick mechanistic analysis reveals that the correct answer should contain “anger” and “visceral
emotion.” Only answer choice (B) contains these two elements, and as it turns out, (B) is correct. Answer
choice (B) must also solve the Justify Formula:
Premise: There are always situations in which it is healthy to try to express that [visceral]
emotion.
Answer choice (B): Anger is a visceral emotion.
Does the combination of these two elements lead to the conclusion? Yes, and so the answer must be
correct. The Justify Formula can also be used to eliminate each of the other answer choices.





PREP KEY：DAED

南瓜0729

1.26s
p:there are always some ways to express emotion.
C:there are always some ways to express anger.
P(ASSUMPTION):anger is a kind of emotion.
B


45.45s
p:prediction will affect the dollar declination.
p:if it had not been for huge budget deficit, the prediction will not have effect.
c:deficit must be decreased to prevent future cuurency declines.
p(weaken): it cannot prevent future declines.
C        错了     去看看解析
A无关
B irrelevant
c bingo
d no effect
e irrelevant
结论弄错了  conclusion：if it had not been for huge budget deficit, the prediction will not have effect.

46.40s
A


47.10s
E


48.45s
D

zz42050524

2011/12/19 assumption
There are always some ways that are healthy to express one’s emotions.
There are always situations in which it is healthy to express one’s anger.
Pre: 前提和结论的区别在于一个是emotion，一个是anger，那么这个assumption就是anger is a kind of emotion.
(A) Anger is always expressible.  Irrelevant
(B) Anger is a visceral emotion.   The answer
(C) Some kinds of emotions are unhealthy to   文中没有说关于 unhealthy的事情
express.
(D) All emotions that are healthy to express are   从这句话中我们得不到关于anger的信息
visceral.
(E) An emotion is visceral only if it is healthy to   同D irrelevant
express.

fox0923

精练--------------------28s--------------------------conclusionP: Take any visceral emotion you care to consider.
P: There's always a situation in which you can express your emotion.
C: So there are always situations in which you can express your anger emotion.
Prephrase: Anger emotion is sth you care to consider.


Analysis:
(A) Anger is always expressible.-------------------------------anger is expressible is stated in conclusion.
(B) Anger is a visceral emotion.--------------------------------bingo!
(C) Some kinds of emotions are unhealthy to
express.-------------------------------------------------------------unhealthy emotions is not the issue here.
(D) All emotions that are healthy to express are
visceral.-------------------------------------------------------------没有提anger
(E) An emotion is visceral only if it is healthy to
express.-------------------------------------------------------------同D。




Viceral：出自内心的~~我给翻译成内脏的了~

风无衣

【精炼2-10】
justify_32s
premise: Take any visceral emotion you care toconsider. it is healthy to try to express that emotion.
conclusion:it is healthy to try to express one’s anger.

(A) Anger is always expressible.
(B) Anger is a visceral emotion.——correct
(C) Some kinds of emotions are unhealthy to
express.
(D) All emotions that are healthy to express are
visceral.
(E) An emotion is visceral only if it is healthy to
express.

ugly5552000

1/Background: psychiatrists suggest to take any visceral emotion one cares to consider.
Premise: since there are always situations in which it is healthy to try to express that emotion, there are always situations in which it is healthy to try to express one’s anger.
Prephrase: the situations for expressing anger often exist.
B
A: irrelevant
B: it fills the gap between the premise and the conclusion
C: irrelevant
D: irrelevant
E: irrelevant
2/Background: the recent decline in the value of the dollar was attribute to a prediction of slower economic growth in the coming year.
Premise: if the prediction had not been for the government’s huge budget deficit, it would not have adversely affected the dollar, so the budget deficit must be decreased to prevent future currency declines.
Prephrase: there was a period when the value of dollar declined while the budget deficit was decreased.
D
A: irrelevant
B: irrelevant
C: no budget deficit, irrelevant
D: it shows that the budget deficit has little to do with the decline of dollars’ value.
E: irrelevant
3/Background: neither a rising standard of living nor balanced trade establishes a country’s ability to compete in the international marketplace. The two must act simultaneously, the standards of living can rise because growing trade deficits and trade can be balanced by means of a decline in a country’s standard of living.
Prephrase: to balance trade deficits and standard of living.
A
D+------S+, S-  ------ TB
A: right answer.
B: inconsistent with the conditions
C: inconsistent with the conditions
D: inconsistent with the conditions
E: inconsistent with the conditions
4/Background: traditionally step-by-step reasoned decision-making is preferable to intuitive decision-making. A recent study found that top managers used intuition significantly more than did most middle- or lower- level managers.
Premise: it confirms the alternative view that intuition is actually more effective than careful, methodical reasoning.
Prephrase: the top managers’ decision making is more effective.
E
A: irrelevant
B: it cannot lead to the conclusion
C: irrelevant
D: it does not indicate “more effective”
E: top managers do more intuitive reasoning making and are more effective at decision-making
5/Background: certain messenger molecules fight damage to the lungs by telling the muscle cells encircling the lungs’ airways to contract. However, the messenger molecules are activated unnecessarily in response to harmless things like pollen or household dust.
Premise: a medication prevents asthma attacks by blocking receipt of any messages sent by the messenger molecules.
Prephrase: it also blocks the message about the noxious air.
D
A: irrelevant
B: irrelevant
C: this is not counted to be a flaw.
D: it supports the conclusion
E: right

Jane412

p:There are healthy situations to express emotion
c:There are healthy situations to express anger
Assumption:anger is a kind of emotion
(A) Anger is always expressible.
----无关，没和emotion联系
(B) Anger is a visceral emotion.
----yes！
(C) Some kinds of emotions are unhealthy to express.
-----无关，要讨论的是anger和emotion，而且healthy与否适合situation一起
(D) All emotions that are healthy to express are visceral.
----无关，没涉及anger
(E) An emotion is visceral only if it is healthy to express.
----无关，没涉及anger

evamimi

单位电脑没有计时器，大概不到一分钟的样子

P: Take any visceral emotion you care to consider
P: There are always situations in which it is healthy to try to express that emotion.
C: there are always situations in which it is healthy to try to express one’s anger
Prephase: Healthy to try to express any visceral emotion--?—Healthy to try to express one’s anger
Type: Assumption

答案：B
我觉得这个题的断桥非常明显了....

leewonting

132
背景：Take any visceral emotion you care to consider.
条件：It’s healthy to express one’s emotion so it’s healthy to express one’s anger in some situations.
结论：Logically follow?
推测：这种情绪是否visceral？场合？ Visceral emotion?it’s healthy to express?express one’s anger
选B


133
The recent decline in the value of the dollar was triggered by a prediction of slower economic growth in the coming year.  But that prediction would not have adversely affected the dollar had it not been for the government's huge budget deficit, which must therefore be decreased to prevent future currency declines.
Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the conclusion about how to prevent future currency declines?
(A) The government has made little attempt to reduce the budget deficit.
(B) The budget deficit has not caused a slowdown in economic growth.
(C) The value of the dollar declined several times in the year prior to the recent prediction of slower economic growth.
(D) Before there was a large budget deficit, predictions of slower economic growth frequently caused declines in the dollar's value.
(E) When there is a large budget deficit, other events in addition to predictions of slower economic growth sometimes trigger declines in currency value.
背景：The recent decline in the value of the dollar was triggered by a prediction of slower economic growth in the coming year.
条件：The prediction would not have adversely affected the dollar had it not been for the government’s huge budget deficit.
结论：Prevent future currency declines.
推测：slow economic?decline in the value of the dollar
     Government’s huge budget deficit must be decreased ? prevent future currency declines
     也就是即使有经济缓慢的说话，在政府赤字预算被调控的时候，货币也不回贬值？
选E
D的意思是否为：在large budget deficit之前，经济衰退的预测就导致dollar的贬值，是等不及的意思咩？


134
背景：Neither a rising standard of living nor balanced trade, by itself, establishes a country’s ability to compete in the international marketplace.
条件：Both are required.
结论：Standard of living can rise because of growing trade deficits and trade can be balanced by means of a decline in a country’s standard of living
推测：两个同时满足的时候
选A


135
背景：Traditionally, decision-making by managers that is reasoned step-by-step has been considered preferable to intuitive decision-making
条件：But a recent study shows that top managers used intuition significantly more than did most middle-or-lower-level managers.
结论：Intuition is actually more effective than careful, methodical reasoning.
推测：Top managers is more effective than middle or lower level managers
选E


136
背景：Certain messenger molecules fight damage to the lungs from noxious air by telling the muscle cells encircling the lung’s airways to contact.
条件：Partially seals off the lungs. And asthma attack occurs when the messenger molecules are motivated unnecessarily in response to harmless things like pollen or household dust.
结论：flaw to develop a medication that would prevent asthma attacks by blocking receipt of any messages sent by the messenger molecules referred to above?
推测：block了之后，会不会造成伤害？
选D