【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑5-12】【OG10】

bananazoo

今天晚了~
来来来~大家一起做逻辑~

87. In tests for pironoma, a serious disease, a false positive result indicates that people have pironoma when, in
fact, they do not; a false negative result indicates that people do not have pironoma when, in fact, they do. To
detect pironoma most accurately, physicians should use the laboratory test that has the lowest proportion of
false positive results.

Which of the following, if true, gives the most support to the recommendation above?

(A) The accepted treatment for pironoma does not have damaging side effects.
(B) The laboratory test that has the lowest proportion of false positive results causes the same minor side
effects as do the other laboratory tests used to detect pironoma.
(C) In treating pironoma patients, it is essential to begin treatment as early as possible, since even a week of
delay can result in loss of life.
(D) The proportion of inconclusive test results is equal for all laboratory tests used to detect pironoma.
(E) All laboratory tests to detect pironoma have the same proportion of false negative results.



Questions 88-89 are based on the following.
In many corporations, employees are being replaced by automated equipment in order to save money. However,
many workers who lose their jobs to automation will need government assistance to survive, and the same
corporations that are laying people off will eventually pay for that assistance through increased taxes and
unemployment insurance payments.

88. The author is arguing that

(A) higher taxes and unemployment insurance payments will discourage corporations from automating
(B) replacing people through automation to reduce production costs will result in increases of other costs to
corporations.
(C) many workers who lose their jobs to automation will have to be retrained for new jobs
(D) corporations that are laying people off will eventually rehire many of them
(E) corporations will not save money by automating because people will be needed to run the new machines


89.Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the author's argument?

(A）Many workers who have already lost their jobs to automation have been unable to find new jobs.
(B)Many corporations that have failed to automate have seen their profits decline.
(C)Taxes and unemployment insurance are paid also by corporations that are not automating.
(D)Most of the new jobs created by automation pay less than the jobs eliminated by automation did.
(E)The initial investment in machinery for automation is often greater than the short-term savings in labor costs.



90. The sustained massive use of pesticides in farming has two effects
that are especially pernicious. First, it often kills off the pests' natural
enemies in the area. Second, it often unintentionally gives rise to
insecticide-resistant pests, since those insects that survive a particular
insecticide will be the ones most resistant to it, and they are the
ones left to breed.

From the passage above, it can be properly inferred that the effectiveness
of the sustained massive use of pesticides can be extended by
doing which of the following, assuming that each is a realistic possibility?

(A)Using only chemically stable insecticides
(B)Periodically switching the type of insecticide used
(C)Gradually increasing the quantities of pesticides used
(D)Leaving a few fields fallow every year
(E)Breeding higher-yielding varieties of crop plants

bananazoo

答案：
87.
The most accurate test for pironoma would be the one with the fewest false results. If all tests have the same
proportion of false negatives, then the most accurate is the one that has the lowest proportion of false positives.
Thus, E supports the recommendation and is the best answer.
Choice A and C deal with the treatment for pironoma and are irrelevant to the accuracy of tests pironoma.
Choice B deals with the side effects of tests for pironoma, and does not address their accuracy. That the
proportion of inconclusive test results is equal for all tests (choice D) leaves open the question of which test is
more accurate, since it does not indicate which test has fewest false results.

88.
The author argues that replacing employees with automated equipment might lend to less savings for
corporations than anticipated, since laying off workers will lead to other costs. Choice B states the author’s main
points and thus is the best answer.
The author argues that corporations that automate might incur unexpected costs, but the author does not argue
that these costs will discourage corporations from automating (choice A). The author does not address the
issues of retraining (choice C) and rehiring (choice D). Although the author argues that some unanticipated costs
might offsets savings resulting from automation, the cost of running the new machines (choice E) is clearly not
one of these unanticipated costs.

89.
The threat envisioned by the author to the economic survival of workers displaced by automation will be serious
only if they cannot find new jobs. Choice A, the best answer, says that there are already many such workers
unable to find new jobs, and so strengthens the author’s argument.
Since the causes for declining profits for corporations that fail to automate are not analyzed in the passage, B is
inappropriate. By saying that costs associated with unemployment C weakens the argument. Since the author
tacitly grants that, initially, automation will cut costs, the detail given in D provides us added support. Choice E is
inappropriate because it concerns short-term rather than long-term results of automation.

90.
Choice B gives a way of counteracting a serious drawback of the sustained massive use of pesticides. By
periodically changing the pesticide used, pests resistant to one pesticide might be killed by the next pesticide,
and those resistant to that pesticide might be killed by another, and so. Therefore, B is the best answer.
Choice A is inappropriate, since the effects of stable pesticides would simply be more persistent. Gradually
increasing pesticide amounts (choice C) will likely have no effect on pests already resistant to massive amounts.
Leaving a few fields fallow (choice D) is not relevant to the effectiveness of sustained use of pesticides. Breeding
higher-yielding crops (choice E) might temporarily increase yields, but not because of anything to do with
pesticides.

balapupu

沙发！

balapupu

87.【26s】【两者类比型】
P：test: false positive result: indicate have P, in fact, patients do not have P.
             false negative result: indicate do not have P, in fact, patients do have P.
C: to be most accurately--> least proportion of false positive result.
support:least false positive result--> least not have P--> most have P-->most accurately.
A:
(A) The accepted treatment for pironoma does not have damaging side effects.【和treatment无关】
(B) The laboratory test that has the lowest proportion of false positive results causes the same minor side
effects as do the other laboratory tests used to detect pironoma.【和effect无关】
(C) In treating pironoma patients, it is essential to begin treatment as early as possible, since even a week of
delay can result in loss of life.【无关时间】
(D) The proportion of inconclusive test results is equal for all laboratory tests used to detect pironoma.【和test类型无关】
(E) All laboratory tests to detect pironoma have the same proportion of false negative results.【R】

88.【15s】
P：Company replace worker with machine--> people lose job--> government have to pay for the life insurance for the jobless--> Company have to pay the tax to the government and insurance payments.
Conclusion: the Company is not save money in fact.
A:
(A) higher taxes and unemployment insurance payments will discourage corporations from automating【No discourage】
(B) replacing people through automation to reduce production costs will result in increases of other costs to
corporations.【R】
(C) many workers who lose their jobs to automation will have to be retrained for new jobs【irrelevant】
(D) corporations that are laying people off will eventually rehire many of them【not mention in the passage】
(E) corporations will not save money by automating because people will be needed to run the new machines
【the reason distort the information in the passage】

89.support：The jobless worker can not find a new job.
A:
(A）Many workers who have already lost their jobs to automation have been unable to find new jobs.【R】
(B)Many corporations that have failed to automate have seen their profits decline.【weaken】
(C)Taxes and unemployment insurance are paid also by corporations that are not automating.【weaken】
(D)Most of the new jobs created by automation pay less than the jobs eliminated by automation did.【irrelevant comparison】
(E)The initial investment in machinery for automation is often greater than the short-term savings in labor costs.
【irrelevant subject】

90.【25s】
P：The use of the pesticide has two side-effects:1. kill the natural enemy of the pest.
2.help the grow of the pesticide resistant pest.
solution: change the kind of the pesticide once after a while.
A:
(A)Using only chemically stable insecticides【worse the problem】
(B)Periodically switching the type of insecticide used【R]
(C)Gradually increasing the quantities of pesticides used【worse】
(D)Leaving a few fields fallow every year【no effect】
(E)Breeding higher-yielding varieties of crop plants【no effect】


今天统计了一下总共用时：45min