【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑2-10】

fox0923

1. Critics of certainpollution-control regulations have claimed that the money spent over thelast decade in order to reduce emissions of carbon monoxide and of volatileorganic compounds has been wasted. The evidence they offer in support of this claim might appearcompelling:  despite the money spent,annual emissions of these pollutants have been increasing steadily.  This evidence is far from adequate, however,since over the last decade a substantial number of new industrial facilitiesthat emit these pollutants have been built.
                   
In the reasoning given, thetwo portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

Answer: The first is aposition that the reasoning contends is inadequately supported by the evidence;the second is evidence used to support the reasoning’s contention.


2. One of the limiting factors in human physicalperformance is the amount of oxygen that is absorbed by the muscles from thebloodstream. Accordingly, entrepreneurs have begun selling at gymnasiums andhealth clubs bottles of drinking water, labeled “SuperOXY,” that has extraoxygen dissolved in the water. Such water would be useless in improving physicalperformance, however, since the only wayto get oxygen into the bloodstream so that it can be absorbed bye the musclesis through the lungs.
      Which of the following, if true, would serve the samefunction in the argument as the statement in boldface?

Answer: theamount of oxygen in the blood of people who are exercising is already more thanthe muscle can absorb


3.  In 1960’s studies of rats, scientists found thatcrowding increases the number of attacks among the animals significantly. Butin recent experiments in which Rhesus monkeys were placed in crowdedconditions, although there was an increase in instances of “coping” behavior –such as submissive gestures and avoidance of dominant individuals – attacks didnot become any more frequent. Therefore it is not likely that, for any speciesof monkey, crowding increases aggression as significantly as was seen in rats.

    Which ofthe following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

Answer:Rhesus monkeys respond with aggression to awider range of stimuli than any other monkeys do.

4. Thechemical adenosine is released by brain cells when those cells are active. Adenosinethen binds to more and more sites on cells in certain areas of the brain,as the total amount released gradually increases during wakefulness. Duringsleep, the number of sites to which adenosine is bound decreases. Some researchershave hypothesized that it is the cumulative binding of adenosine to a largenumber of sites that causes the onset of sleep.
Whichof the following, if true, provides the most support for the researchers’ hypothesis?

Answer: Caffeine, which has the effect of making people remain wakeful, isknown to interfere with the binding of adenosine to sites on brain cells.



AA
Forcomputer companies, if introduce the most powerful and advanced informationtechnology, the employee productivity will be increased. Therefore, if ourcomputer company introduce the most powerful and advanced informationtechnology, every single dollar which spent on investing the technology willincrease our company's profit margins.

纳丁Cat

表示今天的题很有难度。。。。。我每一道都想错了。。。。。。。。
翻了好久的解析。。。。。。小被打击


anyway,题很赞！！！！！！！  





9-5
1. 65s
. Critics of certain pollution-control regulations have claimed that the money spent over thelast decade in order to reduce emissions of carbon monoxide and of volatileorganic compounds has been wasted. 某些critics的观点：钱浪费了
The evidence they offer in support of this claim might appearcompelling:  despite the money spent,annual emissions of these pollutants have been increasing steadily. critics的观点的理由
This evidence is far from adequate, however, 作者的观点：critics的观点证据不足的since over the last decade a substantial number of new industrial facilitiesthat emit these pollutants have been built. 作者的观点的理由
                   
In the reasoning given, thetwo portions in boldface play which of the following roles?
信息:有很多保护大气的措施，像减少碳化合物等等。但它们是在浪费钱。因为还有更多新厂在建。但是，这个证据不充分，因为。。。。。。

黑脸：前句是作者的反对观点，后者是支持这个观点的原因。
Answer: The first is a position that the reasoning contends is inadequately supported by the evidence;the second is evidence used to support the reasoning’s contention.
reasoning’s contention.=  This evidence is far from adequate, however,拆分结构

2. 50s
One of the limiting factors in human physicalperformance is the amount of oxygen that is absorbed by the muscles from thebloodstream. Accordingly, entrepreneurs have begun selling at gymnasiums andhealth clubs bottles of drinking water, labeled “SuperOXY,” that has extraoxygen dissolved in the water. Such water would be useless in improving physicalperformance, however, since the only wayto get oxygen into the bloodstream so that it can be absorbed bye the musclesis through the lungs.
     Which of the following, if true, would serve the samefunction in the argument as the statement in boldface?
信息：人运动不行了是因为氧气吸收不行了，一个公司发明了一种饮料，叫“氧气ＯＸＹ＂,它溶解了更多了氧气。但是，这个是没有用的，因为。。。。。

黑脸：是用来支持作者结论的。
Answer: the amount of oxygen in the blood of people who are exercising is already more than the muscle can absorb
拆分结构，注意看问的啥子

3. 40s
In 1960’s studies of rats, scientists found that crowding increases the number of attacks among the animals significantly. But in recent experiments in which Rhesus monkeys were placed in crowded onditions, although there was an increase in instances of “coping” behavior –such as submissive gestures and avoidance of dominant individuals – attacks didnot become any more frequent. Therefore it is not likely that, for any speciesof monkey, crowding increases aggression as significantly as was seen in rats.
Which ofthe following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
Submissive顺从  avoidance避让

前提：耗子放在一起的时候，攻击行为会变多。猴子放在一起的时候，模仿行为变多，但攻击行为没有。
结论：猴子不像耗子，crowd的时候攻击行为变多。

支持：即便100只猴子在一起，攻击行为也很少。
Answer:Rhesus monkeys respond with aggression to a wider range of stimuli than any other monkeys do.
原文一直在证明某种猴子不想老鼠一样，因为拥挤就增加了攻击性。最后要把这个结论推广给其他种类的猴子（for any species of monkey）,问题的关键就是怎么去支持"拥挤的时候，这种猴子不会增加攻击性，其他种类的猴子也不会“ 前提支持

UlysessHope

逻辑菜鸟跟帖答题

42s
花费在减少二氧化碳释放物的钱浪费了---其依据是年平均排放量在增长
however 这个证据不充分，因为近十年排放这种污染物的大量工厂建立

句子作用：第一个是是作者反对的观点，第二个作者依据的证据

51s
肌肉从血液中吸收的氧量是人的身体表现的一个限制因素，因此商人开始卖“SuperOXY”的汽水，水中含氧量超额。
however这种汽水对于提高身体表现没有用，因为通过肺部呼吸才是提高肌肉吸收氧的唯一途径

句子作用：是作者反对的上述现象，作者自己所依据的证据

41s
通过1960年对小鼠的实验，科学家发现拥挤会大大提升动物间攻击的数目。but最近在把R猴放到拥挤环境的试验中，尽管一些“coping” behavior（如submissive gestures and avoidance of dominant individuals）的数量提高，攻击并没有普遍。
因此对于任何品种的猴子，拥挤产生与小鼠同样大量的攻击不会发生。

削弱：R猴不具代表性
支持：其他种类的猴子也是如此

48s
当大脑细胞活跃是，就会释放adenosine。在醒着的时候，随着整体释放量的增加，adenosine会连结细胞上越来越多的区域（即adenosine增加）。睡眠的时候，adenosine连结的区域减少（即adenosine减少）。
因此研究人员猜测，由于adenosine积累的太多了，导致了睡眠的发生。

支持：

superbat28

1. 40s
Conclusion: The critics reasoning is flawed
Premise: since an additional number of industries have been built
Counter-conlusion: The law is not effective

Boldface: The first is a conclusion that the argument dispuses, the second is the evidence cited to support the main conclusion

2. 38s
Conclusion: THe proposed method is useless
Premise: Water is not absorbed by lungs, but the only way that people can absorb the oxygen is through lungs

3. 44s   几年模考刚做过，囧~

4. 42s
Conclusion: It is the culmative of A that starts people to sleep
Premise: When there is a lot of A, people awake. When sleep, A decreases

Strengthen: If there is lots of A, people will want to sleep.   / If no A, people will awake~

大三准备留学

1.conclusion:花在治理污染上的钱都没作用  first bold
support：花了钱 污染还在增加
conter-conclusion：有用的
counter-support：近十年污染源增加了。。。second bold

2.限制人们运动发挥的是肌肉含氧量，有人卖一种饮料 里面含有很多氧
但是没用的，因为肌肉只能吸收从肺里来的氧气。。。
 counter-support

3. 科学家研究老鼠 发现多了就会多冲突  但是一种猴子没有这种现象
得到：猴子在一起不会这样

 加强：这种猴子能代表全部猴子。。

4.人们清醒是，a不断被释放 并且在脑子里的一定区域内不断联接，当人睡眠时，A的联接会不断的减少。。
所以科学家人为 a的联接是睡眠开始的象征。。。

加强：感觉哪个地方逻辑出了问题。。悲剧

flonacui

1.38s
first: opposite conclusion. a point that the argument seeks to attack.
second: the reason in order to support the real conclusion of the argument.
2.55s
The reason seeks to support the conclusion of the argument.
-prove the water is useless.
3.46s
The R monkey is a typical example. It can represent the whole monkey species.
4.65s
P daytime:the binding sites increases during sleep:the binding sites gradually decreases.
C The binding sites cause the onset of sleep.
support:no other reasons.
AA
1>too haste to reach the conclusion: does not provide reason why the employee productivity will be increased because of the advanced technology.
2>profit-cost maybe some employees do not know how to deal with the new tech, then the company may provide the teaching program
3>other ways to increase the profit margins.

Yvette19

1. 45s
An argument that the author is going to attact:
The regulation on emission of a certain pollutant air does not work.
Flawed reasoning by evidence: the emission of these pullant has not been reduced.
But,
they igore the fact that a number of new factories that emit the pollutant has been opened in the recent years.

2. 45s
还是换回中文好了，囧，
BG：人体运动后肌肉会吸收血液中的氧气。
Premise：有人借此推出运动性饮料，称可以增加氧气
Counterargument：但是可以被吸收的氧气只能通过肺部，而不是饮料。
Conclusion： 所以卖饮料的商家是错滴。

Strengthen the counterargument:  想不粗来，答案居然是肌肉吸不光血液里的氧气。。。

3. 1min
BG: 1960年的关于老鼠的调查显示，老鼠群居之后互相攻击对方的可能性增加。
Premise：另一项研究关于某种猴子，它们群居之后反而是产生互相帮助的行为，顺从且避免冲突。
Conclusion：所以其他类的猴子应该也不会群居攻击对方。

Strengthen：影响这种行为的某个因素刚好是所有猴子物种都具有的。

4. 1min 又回头看了一遍。。。
BG：当脑细胞活跃的时候会释放一种化学物质。
Premise：白天释放出来的物质会慢慢积累形成集群，而到了睡觉的时候，这些物质又慢慢减少。
Conclusion：正是这种物质的集群是诱发睡眠的原因。

strengthen：只有在睡觉前这种物质才会减少

Monica2020

1.0:31; 1:00
the first part:the money spent over thelast decade in order to reduce emissions of carbon monoxide and of volatileorganic compounds has been wasted.
role: the conclusion that the author wants to refute
the second part:since over the last decade a substantial number of new industrial facilitiesthat emit these pollutants have been built.
role: as an evidence to support the main conclusion in the passage
2. 0:35 ; 1:30
premise: the only way to get oxygen into the bloodstream is through the lungs.
conclusion:Such water would be useless in improving physicalperformance
same function sentence: ppl in the gym can get enough oxygen they need and extra oxy is useless to them/ other ways to weaken the effectiveness of that drink
3.0:33; 1:20
premise:although there was an increase in instances of “coping” behavior, attacks didnot become any more frequent.
conclusion:it is not likely that, for any species of monkey, crowding increases aggression as significantly as was seen in rats.
strenthen: in the experiment,the chosen speice of mokey is the most aggresive one among all species
4.0:34 ; 1:33
premise: during sleep, the number of sites to which adenosine is bound decreases.
conclusion: it is the cumulative binding of adenosine to a large number of sites that causes the onset of sleep.
support : experiment =>反因反果增强？

Monica2020

AA:For computer companies, if introduce the most powerful and advanced information technology, the employee productivity will be increased. Therefore, if our computer company introduce the most powerful and advanced information technology, every single dollar which spent on investing the technology will increase our company's profit margins.
攻击点：1.the different condition and traits of each company 无关比较  ;2.may be other reasons lead to profits margin after introducing technology ; 3.why are you so sure the company will increase the profits after the introduction of technology?