求助：新prep2 115

bengaga

In countries where automobile insurance includes compensation for whiplash injuries sustained in automobile accidents, reports of having suffered such injuries are twice as frequent as they are in countries where whiplash is not covered. Some commentators have argued, correctly, that since there is presently no objective test for whiplash, spurious reports of whiplash injuries cannot be readily identified. These commentators are, however, wrong to draw the further conclusion that in the countries with the higher rates of reported whiplash injuries, half of the reported cases are spurious:clearly, in countries where automobile insurance does not include compensation for whiplash, people often have little incentive to report whiplash injuries that they actually have suffered.

In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?

A. The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the argument criticizes; the second is that conclusion.

B. The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the argument criticizes; the second is the position that the argument defends.

C. The first is a claim that has been used to support a conclusion that the argument accepts; the second is the position that the argument defends.

D. The first is an intermediate conclusion that has been used to support a conclusion that the argument defends; the second is the position that the argument opposes.

E. The first presents a claim that is disputed in the argument; the second is a conclusion that has been drawn on the basis of that claim.
答案是A
每个选项和GWD 30-Q26不大一样
做的时候稀里糊涂选了A
但是回过头来看的时候，第2个boldface:spurious reports of whiplash injuries cannot be readily identified不是一个被作者认为是对的intermediate conclusion吗？
那A选项中的criticize是“评论”的意思，还是“express your disapproval of someone or something, or to talk about their faults”的意思捏?
请NN们帮忙！

切尔西

我感觉应该选E的吧, A感觉怎么都说不通啊,望NN解释

hughlv

In countries where automobile insurance includes compensation for whiplash injuries sustained in automobile accidents, reports of having suffered such injuries are twice as frequent as they are in countries where whiplash is not covered. Some commentators have argued, correctly, that since there is presently no objective test for whiplash, spurious reports of whiplash injuries cannot be readily identified. These commentators are, however, wrong to draw the further conclusion that in the countries with the higher rates of reported whiplash injuries, half of the reported cases are spurious:clearly, in countries where automobile insurance does not include compensation for whiplash, people often have little incentive to report whiplash injuries that they actually have suffered.

In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?

A. The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the argument criticizes; the second is that conclusion.

B. The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the argument criticizes; the second is the position that the argument defends.

C. The first is a claim that has been used to support a conclusion that the argument accepts; the second is the position that the argument defends.

D. The first is an intermediate conclusion that has been used to support a conclusion that the argument defends; the second is the position that the argument opposes.

E. The first presents a claim that is disputed in the argument; the second is a conclusion that has been drawn on the basis of that claim.
答案是A
每个选项和GWD 30-Q26不大一样
做的时候稀里糊涂选了A
但是回过头来看的时候，第2个boldface:spurious reports of whiplash injuries cannot be readily identified不是一个被作者认为是对的intermediate conclusion吗？
那A选项中的criticize是“评论”的意思，还是“express your disapproval of someone or something, or to talk about their faults”的意思捏?
请NN们帮忙！

-- by 会员 bengaga (2010/4/17 21:25:25)

相比之下A是最好的选项，虽然我觉得更合适的说法是：

A. The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the argument criticizes; the second is part of that conclusion.

criticize在CR中都是批判的意思。E有明显的问题，因为第一个BF只是在描述某个客观事实，所以是evidence。

bengaga

相比之下A是最好的选项，虽然我觉得更合适的说法是：

A. The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the argument criticizes; the second is part of that conclusion.

criticize在CR中都是批判的意思。E有明显的问题，因为第一个BF只是在描述某个客观事实，所以是evidence。

-- by 会员 hughlv (2010/4/18 0:55:06)

弱弱滴感慨下：criticize在CR中都是批判的意思啊？我都不知道，杯具了啊……
那这样说的话，A也不是很好的选项咯？

gracezz

In countries where automobile insurance includes compensation for whiplash
injuries sustained in automobile accidents, reports of having suffered such injuries
are twice as frequent as they are in countries where whiplash is not covered. Some
commentators have argued, correctly, that since there is presently no objective test for
whiplash, spurious reports of whiplash injuries cannot be readily identified. These
commentators are, however, wrong to draw the further conclusion that in the countries
with the higher rates of reported whiplash injuries, half of the reported cases are spurious:
clearly, in countries where automobile insurance does not include compensation for
whiplash, people often have little incentive to report whiplash injuries that they actually
have suffered.

In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?

A. The first is a finding whose accuracy is evaluated in the argument; the second is
an intermediate conclusion drawn to support the judgment reached by the
argument on the accuracy of that finding.
B. The first is a finding whose accuracy is evaluated in the argument; the second is
evidence that has been used to challenge the accuracy of that finding.
C. The first is a finding whose implications are at issue in the argument; the second
is an intermediate conclusion that has been used to support a conclusion that the
argument criticizes.
D. The first is a claim that the argument disputes; the second is a narrower claim that
the argument accepts.
E. The first is a claim that has been used to support a conclusion that the argument
accepts; the second is that conclusion
国外坛子上发现了一样的题，bf的位置和楼主的一样，但是答案不一样。我觉得这些答案里面C是正确的。

这里是链接。http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/bf-kaplan-t670.html

我觉得是Bold的位置化的不对，另一个坛子里是这样的In countries where automobile insurance includes compensation for whiplash injuries sustained in automobile accidents, reports of having suffered such injuries are twice as frequent as they are in countries where whiplash is not covered.Some commentators have argued, correctly, that since there is presently no objective test for whiplash, spurious reports of whiplash injuries cannot be readily identified.These commentators are, however, wrong to draw the further conclusion that in the countries with the higher rates of reported whiplash injuries, half of the reported cases are spurious:clearly, in countries where automobile insurance does not include compensation for whiplash, people often have little incentive to report whiplash injuries that they actually have suffered.
如果是这样的话，那选A就没有问题。

女王的肥皂

我两次都是选的E。

后看看楼上的两外一个版本，肯定不选E。但是得出A 我也很疑惑。

还有 我怎么觉得这个论述是根据事实（有whiplash保险的地方，whiplash案件申报是不含whiplash保险的地方的两倍），得出两个结论：

1. 这种案件不好确认
2. 不能说有whiplash保险的地方，申报案中有一半是假的。

不能是两个并列的结论吗？ 必须是推论1是intermediate conclusion? 推论2是main conclusion.

我看连接这两个结论就是一个however, 没有主次之分呀。

zhongshanlh

我两次都是选的E。

后看看楼上的两外一个版本，肯定不选E。但是得出A 我也很疑惑。

还有 我怎么觉得这个论述是根据事实（有whiplash保险的地方，whiplash案件申报是不含whiplash保险的地方的两倍），得出两个结论：

1. 这种案件不好确认
2. 不能说有whiplash保险的地方，申报案中有一半是假的。

不能是两个并列的结论吗？ 必须是推论1是intermediate conclusion? 推论2是main conclusion.

我看连接这两个结论就是一个however, 没有主次之分呀。

-- by 会员 女王的肥皂 (2012/7/3 8:44:49)

这个题目每个选项都有一定的问题，包括正确选项A....(虽然Ron一再强调不要质疑正确答案...,就让我们质疑一次吧...)
A. The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the argument criticizes; the second is that conclusion.
A的前半段没有问题，A的后半段是错误的。
A的前半段支持的最终结论是commentators的最终结论——那些报告中半数都是假的。而这个结论就是整个argument反驳的结论。
而第二个BF呢，首先它是一个结论不假，但是这个结论的premise是它前面那句话：since there is presently no objective test for whiplash。而这个结论就是用于支持commentator的最终结论的，而这个BF本身只是一个中间结论，而且这个中间结论是正确的，整个argument承认的，因为原文中有一个词ome commentators have argued, correctly, that blah blah
所以这里的A答案虽然是正确答案，但是肯定是有问题的
B. The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the argument criticizes; the second is the position that the argument defends.
B的错误很明显，第二部分错误了，这个argument并没有defend第二个BF，只是承认这个BF是正确的
C. The first is a claim that has been used to support a conclusion that the argument accepts; the second is the position that the argument defends.
错误明显
D. The first is an intermediate conclusion that has been used to support a conclusion that the argument defends; the second is the position that the argument opposes.
错误明显
E. The first presents a claim that is disputed in the argument; the second is a conclusion that has been drawn on the basis of that claim.
E的第一部分是其实就是有问题的，第一个BF只是一个事实，这个事实本身并没有被dispute，被dispute的是通过这个事实得到的结论。第二个BF刚刚说了是一个intermediate conclusion，而这个中间结论的前提是它前面的那句那句那句话，而并不是第一个BF。所以E的前后两部分都是错误的。

所以俺觉得这个题目不管怎么分析，正确答案A也有问题。刚刚好再次浏览到这里，发表下之前自己总结的观点

Vivian1091

请看大牛的无敌解释 ron

well, first off, you can eliminate choice (d) pretty quickly, on the grounds that "there is presently no objective test for whiplash" is a fact.
since this is a fact, it can't possibly be a "conclusion" of any kind; conclusions must be claims, not facts. (a fact can't be a conclusion because facts don't require supporting arguments; you can just come out and state them, because they're, well, facts.)

from this point, you don't even have to process the actual material of the argument -- you can just read the transitions, which will give you a remarkably exact sense of what's going on in there.

Some commentators have argued, correctly, that, since (bold #1)...
--> the speaker says "correctly", so it's clear that the speaker accepts bold #1 as correct. on the other hand, that's not significant, because #1 is factual, and the gmat doesn't contain stated facts that turn out to be false (only claims are weakened/disproved on gmat problems).
what's significant is that the fact is used by "some commentators", i.e., other people.**

These commentators are, however, wrong to draw the further conclusion that (bold #2)
--> bold #2 is the other guys' conclusion, and our speaker thinks it's wrong.

so, we want an answer choice that says, "bold #1 is a fact that the other guys use in making their case; bold #2 is the other guys' main point, which is wrong according to our narrator."
that's (a).

(b) is wrong because our narrator doesn't defend the other guys' conclusion; (s)he does the opposite.

(c) is wrong for the same reason as (b), but also because it mis-identifies a fact (bold #1) as a "claim".

(d) is wrong for two reasons: because it mistakenly labels a factual statement as a "conclusion" (as stated above), and also because it says that the fact is used to support an argument with which the narrator agrees. the opposite is true; that fact is used by the narrator's opponent.

(e) is wrong because it says that our narrator disagrees with #1, rather than with #2.

--

**in fact, as soon as you see "some people think...", "it is commonly thought that...", etc. – basically, any form of The other guys think X – you can go ahead and assume that the narrator (= main argument) is going to oppose that point of view.
after all, that's the only sensible rationale for introducing "the other guys" into the argument in the first place. (if the narrator agreed with the other guys, then there would be no point in citing the other guys at all -- i.e., rather than saying The other guys think X, and they're right, the narrator will just say X.)

http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/bf-kaplan-t670.html

Rita22246

A. The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the argument criticizes; the second is that conclusion.

A中有个that conclusion, that conclusion并不是整个argument的conclusion，而是A选项前半句，argument criticizes 的conclusion---即，Some commentators的conclusion

candice1112

请问一下………………B选项的position具体是什么意思呀？？？？